Using Neuroeconomics to Characterize State-Based Increases and Decreases in Alcohol Value

项目概要/摘要 神经经济学整合了心理学、经济学和认知经济学的概念和方法。 神经科学来理解决策的神经生物学基础，并且已经越来越多地 酒精使用障碍（AUD）神经经济学的一个新应用是研究 酒精需求，或以成本效益偏好衡量的酒精价值。酒精需求模式 通过测量内部和外部影响对酒精的影响， 决策，如价格，环境线索，情感状态，或外部突发事件。行为上， 酒精滥用水平较高的个体的酒精需求量增加， 反应酒精需求也表现出类似国家的性质，包括在接触到酒精后的增加。 与酒精相关的线索，并在第二天的重大责任的存在下减少。的总目标 所提出的研究是为了描述支持这些已建立的行为发现的神经活动 使用一种新的功能性磁共振成像模式。第一个目的是检查神经激活的模式， 对酒精提示的反应是酒精值的增加。为此，第一项研究将使用受试者内 设计识别与需求决策相关的神经活动差异， 扫描仪提示暴露方案，包括暴露于中性饮料提示和暴露于酒精 一个成年酗酒者样本中的饮料线索。第二个目的是研究神经元的变化， 与酒精值降低相关的活动，以应对第二天的责任。为此， 第二项研究将采用受试者内设计，比较与需求相关的神经活动， 指导性设置和第二天施加与工作相关的重要责任的指导性设置。 这些研究采用了一种新的神经经济学方法，将联合收割机与高度生态有效的酒精需求结合起来， 范例与两个实验操作，模型临床相关的影响饮酒的决定。 研究这些背景影响可能有助于澄清饮酒适度背后的神经信号 vs.不受约束的饮酒，以及这些过程如何受到AUD的影响。如果成功，这些研究将 为检查成功恢复或对治疗的反应的神经预测因素提供了基础， 复发更广泛地说，这些研究的结果有很大的潜力，以显着提高临床 酒精神经科学的相关性

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Neuroeconomics integrates concepts and methods from psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience to understand the neurobiological foundations of decision making, and has been increasingly applied to understanding alcohol use disorder (AUD). A novel application of neuroeconomics is the study of alcohol demand, or the value of alcohol as measured by cost-benefit preferences. Alcohol demand paradigms have considerable ecological validity by measuring the impact of internal and external influences on alcohol decision-making, such as price, environmental cues, affective states, or external contingencies. Behaviorally, alcohol demand is elevated among individuals with higher levels of alcohol misuse and predicts treatment response. Alcohol demand also exhibits state-like properties, including increases following exposure to alcohol-related cues and decreases in the presence of significant next-day responsibilities. The overall goal of the proposed studies is to characterize the neural activity that subserves these established behavioral findings using a novel functional MRI paradigm. The first aim is to examine the patterns of neural activation underlying increases in the value of alcohol in response to alcohol cues. To do so, the first study will use a within-subjects design to identify differences in neural activity associated with demand decisions following a validated in- scanner cue exposure protocol consisting of exposure to neutral beverage cues and exposure to alcohol beverage cues in a sample of adult heavy drinkers. The second aim is to investigate the changes in neural activity associated with decreases in the value of alcohol in response to next day responsibilities. To do so, a second study will use a within-subjects design, comparing demand-related neural activity following a standard instructional set and an instructional set that imposes a significant work-related responsibility the next day. Using a novel neuroeconomics approach, these studies combine a highly ecologically-valid alcohol demand paradigm with two experimental manipulations that model clinically-relevant influences on drinking decisions. Studying these contextual influences may help clarify the neural signatures that underlie drinking moderation vs. unconstrained drinking, and how these processes are impacted by AUD. If successful, these studies will provide a foundation for examining neural predictors of successful recovery or response to treatment vs. relapse. More broadly, findings from these studies have high potential to significantly enhance the clinical relevance of alcohol neuroscience.