Using Neuroeconomics to Characterize State-Based Increases and Decreases in Alcohol Value

项目摘要/摘要 神经经济学融合了心理学、经济学和认知学的概念和方法。 神经科学来理解决策的神经生物学基础，并已经越来越多地 应用于了解酒精使用障碍(AUD)。神经经济学的一个新应用是研究 酒精需求量，或以成本效益偏好衡量的酒精价值。酒类需求范式 通过测量内部和外部影响对酒精的影响，具有相当大的生态有效性 决策，如价格、环境线索、情感状态或外部突发事件。在行为上， 酒精滥用程度较高的人的酒精需求增加，并预测治疗 回应。酒精需求也表现出类似国家的特性，包括接触酒精后增加 与酒精有关的暗示，并在第二天有重大责任的情况下减少。的总目标是 这项拟议的研究是为了描述支持这些行为发现的神经活动的特征。 使用一种新的功能磁共振成像范例。第一个目标是研究潜在的神经激活模式。 酒精对酒精暗示的反应增加了酒精的价值。要做到这一点，第一项研究将使用受试者内 设计以确定与需求决策相关的神经活动的差异，遵循经过验证的 扫描仪线索暴露方案，包括暴露在中性饮料线索和酒精中 成年重度饮酒者样本中的饮料提示。第二个目的是研究神经的变化。 与酒精价值下降相关的活动，以应对第二天的责任。要做到这一点，一个 第二项研究将使用受试者内的设计，比较与需求相关的神经活动是否遵循标准 指导性设置和第二天强加重大工作相关责任的指导性设置。 使用一种新的神经经济学方法，这些研究结合了高度生态有效的酒精需求 两个实验操作的范例，模拟与临床相关的饮酒决定的影响。 研究这些背景影响可能有助于澄清饮酒节制背后的神经信号 与无节制饮酒的对比，以及澳元对这些过程的影响。如果成功，这些研究将 为检验成功康复或治疗反应的神经预测因子提供基础。 旧病复发。更广泛地说，这些研究的发现有很高的潜力显著提高临床 酒精神经科学的相关性。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Neuroeconomics integrates concepts and methods from psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience to understand the neurobiological foundations of decision making, and has been increasingly applied to understanding alcohol use disorder (AUD). A novel application of neuroeconomics is the study of alcohol demand, or the value of alcohol as measured by cost-benefit preferences. Alcohol demand paradigms have considerable ecological validity by measuring the impact of internal and external influences on alcohol decision-making, such as price, environmental cues, affective states, or external contingencies. Behaviorally, alcohol demand is elevated among individuals with higher levels of alcohol misuse and predicts treatment response. Alcohol demand also exhibits state-like properties, including increases following exposure to alcohol-related cues and decreases in the presence of significant next-day responsibilities. The overall goal of the proposed studies is to characterize the neural activity that subserves these established behavioral findings using a novel functional MRI paradigm. The first aim is to examine the patterns of neural activation underlying increases in the value of alcohol in response to alcohol cues. To do so, the first study will use a within-subjects design to identify differences in neural activity associated with demand decisions following a validated in- scanner cue exposure protocol consisting of exposure to neutral beverage cues and exposure to alcohol beverage cues in a sample of adult heavy drinkers. The second aim is to investigate the changes in neural activity associated with decreases in the value of alcohol in response to next day responsibilities. To do so, a second study will use a within-subjects design, comparing demand-related neural activity following a standard instructional set and an instructional set that imposes a significant work-related responsibility the next day. Using a novel neuroeconomics approach, these studies combine a highly ecologically-valid alcohol demand paradigm with two experimental manipulations that model clinically-relevant influences on drinking decisions. Studying these contextual influences may help clarify the neural signatures that underlie drinking moderation vs. unconstrained drinking, and how these processes are impacted by AUD. If successful, these studies will provide a foundation for examining neural predictors of successful recovery or response to treatment vs. relapse. More broadly, findings from these studies have high potential to significantly enhance the clinical relevance of alcohol neuroscience.