Beneficial or Fostering Future struggles (B.F.F.s)? Characterizing the Role of Friends in the Developmental Trajectory of Maltreated Adolescent

项目摘要/摘要 尽管有大量证据表明友谊在青少年发展中扮演着不可或缺的角色，但我们知道 对于受到虐待的青少年的友谊，相对较少，这是一个风险显著增加的群体 经历未来的不利后果。关于友谊对人的影响的现有文献 受虐待青年的发展是高度冲突的，并受到调查的限制，这些调查没有充分说明 友谊经历的复杂性。因此，迫切需要研究虐待青少年是如何 友谊可能会减轻或加剧他们在负面发展轨迹上前进的风险。 该项目的总体目标是调查虐待和虐待儿童的友谊经历 未受虐待的青少年有所不同，并了解这些经历如何影响不良风险 结果。有三个具体目标。在K99阶段，该提案将(1)使用来自两个 前瞻性的纵向研究，以确定受虐待和未受虐待青少年的友谊有何不同， 和(2)使用来自两项研究的数据和目标1的结果来测试多个因素的潜在中介效应 关于虐待与精神病态/同伴受害关系的友谊经验。目标 3将在R00阶段完成，并使用临床试验方法试行一项程序，以评估 使用观察性和多报告者方法处理青少年的友谊，并调查他们是如何 影响对实验室应激源的心理生理反应，以及后来的精神病理学/同伴受害。 这个项目是创新的，因为它代表了对现有研究的实质性改进， 考虑不同友情经历对被虐待者适应结果的影响 青少年使用纵向数据和多报告者和观察法。这一贡献将是 意义重大，因为它将有助于描述友谊是否可以提供同样的健康和社会效益 和/或给我们一些最脆弱的青少年带来风险，因为他们为正常/低风险人群提供服务。 这项建议将极大地促进私家侦探的职业发展，使她能够朝着自己的方向发展 成为一家研究机构的独立研究员的长期目标。宾夕法尼亚州立大学 医学为培训提供了最佳的环境，为职业发展和 几个研究虐待儿童的跨学科教员，并积极参与指导下一个 一代虐待研究人员。将提供培训和指导，以发展在以下方面的专门知识 学习友谊；获得纵向数据收集和分析的技能；学习新的多记者、多媒体 水平和观察技术；并获得临床试验经验。此外，私家侦探将参与 促进她向独立过渡的培训活动，包括赠款的撰写、出版、演示和 为学术就业市场做准备。这些技能和活动与拟议的研究相结合，将 让PI做好准备，争取未来的R01资金。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Despite extensive evidence that friendships play an integral role in adolescent development, we know relatively little about the friendships of maltreated adolescents, a group that is at significantly elevated risk for experiencing future adverse outcomes. The existing literature regarding the influence of friendships on maltreated youth’s development is highly conflicting and limited by investigations that do not account for the full complexity of friendship experiences. Thus, there is a critical need to study how maltreated adolescents’ friendships might mitigate or exacerbate their risk for proceeding on negative developmental trajectories. The overall objective of this project is to investigate how the friendship experiences of maltreated and non-maltreated adolescents differ, and understand how these experiences influence risk for adverse outcomes. There are three specific aims. During the K99 phase, this proposal will (1) use data from two prospective longitudinal studies to identify how maltreated and non-maltreated adolescents’ friendships differ, and (2) use data from both studies and results from Aim 1 to test for the potential mediating effects of multiple friendship experiences on the relationship between maltreatment and psychopathology/peer victimization. Aim 3 will be completed during the R00 phase and use clinical trial methodology to pilot a procedure to assess maltreated adolescents’ friendships using observational and multi-reporter methods, and investigate how they influence psychophysiological reactivity to a laboratory stressor and later psychopathology/peer victimization. This project is innovative because it represents a substantive improvement upon existing research by considering the influence of a range of friendship experiences on the adjustment outcomes of maltreated adolescents using longitudinal data and multi-reporter and observational methodology. This contribution will be significant because it will help to delineate whether friendship can offer the same health and social benefits and/or risks for some of our most vulnerable adolescents, as they provide for normative/low-risk populations. This proposal will greatly enhance the PI’s career development and enable her to advance toward her long-term goal of becoming an independent investigator at a research institution. Penn State College of Medicine provides an optimal environment for training with a wealth of resources for career development and several interdisciplinary faculty who study child maltreatment and are actively engaged in mentoring the next generation of maltreatment researchers. Training and mentorship will be provided to develop expertise in the study of friendships; acquire skills in longitudinal data collection and analysis; learn new multi-reporter, multi- level, and observational techniques; and gain clinical trial experience. Furthermore, the PI will be engaged in training activities that foster her transition to independence, including grant writing, publishing, presenting, and preparing for the academic job market. These skills and activities, combined with the proposed research, will prepare the PI to compete for future R01 funding.