New Data Resources form the 1960 U.S. Census

描述(申请人提供)：明尼苏达州人口中心和人口普查局之间的合作有两个目标：1)在过去的四年中，人口普查局致力于从1960年至1980年的人口和住房普查的长表格中恢复机器可读的数据。1970年和1980年的数据被成功核实并转换成现代格式。然而，1960年的数据集无法完全检索；该国某些地区的信息丢失了。幸运的是，丢失的记录保存在缩微胶片上，可以使用具有成本效益的扫描技术进行恢复。全国完整的长格式数据将是研究人员独特的数据资源，但这些数据更重要的是它们有可能创造出新的具有全国代表性的公共使用数据产品。1960年人口普查目前是跨越二十世纪的一系列公共使用的微观数据集中的薄弱环节，迫切需要新的文件。现有1960年公共使用的微观数据样本规模较小，地理位置有限，因此无法对城市或大都市区进行分析，也不可能进行多层次的分析。新的小范围汇总数据的理由同样令人信服。现有的摘要文件缺少许多重要的表格，这些表格从1970年起一直适用于所有人口普查，1960年人口普查地区的表格没有区分除白人以外的任何种族群体。1960年人口和住房普查的长篇数据代表了关于美国人口的未开发的信息宝库。结合最近人口普查的数据，1960年丰富的新数据集有可能帮助我们理解正在改变我们生活的社会、经济和人口变化。这些新的数据产品将显著改善国家的统计基础设施，使之能够对人口和健康相关行为的变化进行强大的新分析。这项工作直接关系到美国国立卫生研究院作为国家医学和行为研究管理者的核心使命：新数据将促进关于人类种群动态性质的基本知识。1960年的数据将推进关于人口增长和流动、生育率、死亡率和婚礼的健康相关研究，以及人口行为的经济和社会相关性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This collaboration between the Minnesota Population Center and the Census Bureau has two goals: 1) During the past four years, the Census Bureau has devoted significant effort to recovering machine-readable data from the long forms of the 1960 through 1980 Censuses of Population and Housing. Data from 1970 and 1980 were successfully verified and converted to modern formats. The 1960 dataset, however, could not be completely retrieved; information from some parts of the country was lost. Fortunately, the missing records survive on microfilm and can be recovered using cost-effective scanning technology. The complete long-form data for the entire country will be a unique data resource for researchers, but these data are even more important for their potential to create new nationally-representative public-use data products. The 1960 census is presently the weak link in the series of public use microdata datasets spanning the twentieth century, and new files are urgently needed. The small size and limited geography in the existing 1960 public use microdata sample precludes analysis of cities or metropolitan areas and makes multi-level analysis impossible. The case for new small-area summary data is equally compelling. The existing summary files are missing many important tabulations that are consistently available for all censuses from 1970 onward, and the tables for 1960 census tracts do not distinguish any racial groups except for whites. Long-form data from 1960 Census of Population and Housing represent an unexploited trove of information about the American population. Used in conjunction with data from more recent censuses, rich new datasets from 1960 have the potential to help us understand the social, economic, and demographic changes that are transforming our lives. These new data products will significantly improve the nation's statistical infrastructure, allowing powerful new analyses of changes in population and health-related behavior. This work is directly relevant to the central mission of the NIH as the steward of medical and behavioral research for the nation: the new data will advance fundamental knowledge about the nature of human population dynamics. The 1960 data will advance health-related research on population growth and movement, fertility, mortality, and nuptiality, as well as the .economic and social correlates of demographic behavior.