Neuroscientific Exploration of Cultural Protective Factors in American Indians

项目摘要 在过去，美国印第安人（AI）的自杀率是所有种族中增长最快的。 十年来，有很高的心理健康问题，如创伤后压力，物质使用，焦虑， 和情绪障碍然而，先前的研究和初步分析表明， 当考虑到增加的水平时， 风险因素（例如，创伤暴露）。现有文献表明，与人工智能文化相关的因素是 防止精神健康状况不佳。然而，很少有人知道文化因素（例如，文化适应，社会的 起保护作用。没有发表的研究检查神经基础的 AI文化因素的保护作用。填补这一空白是支持实验疗法的关键一步 在文化上知情的预防和干预工作。认知控制是 神经认知功能涉及许多精神疾病，可以用 验证了行为和神经成像任务，并在潜在的神经功能方面得到了很好的描述。 电路该提案的目的是（a）确定文化保护因素是否与行为有关， 和认知控制的神经指标，如在脑电图和功能性磁共振成像中测量的， 共振成像和（B）开发一个实验，文化识别范式，作为基础， 未来的文化知情神经科学研究和干预/预防工作。 一个基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）框架将用于招募参与者， 完成认知控制的多模态神经和行为指标，临床访谈，自我报告 精神病理学症状和整体功能的测量作为先前研究的一部分。他们将完成 自我报告的文化适应，社会支持，全球功能和文化增强诱导措施 使用CBPR框架开发的范例。这些数据将为开发 文化上知情的、以证据为基础的干预和预防工作，旨在减少精神健康 AI之间的差异。拟议的培训计划将扩大白色博士在神经科学方面的专业知识， 认知控制的机制，通过指导，课程，并在先进的统计实践培训 方法，多模式（EEG/fMRI）神经成像，临床神经科学，和文化知情的研究。他 他组建了一个导师团队，能够提供他所需的各种专业知识， 独立Martin Paulus博士将提供神经成像和高级数据分析专业知识。 博士Aupperle将带来与神经影像学和临床相关神经科学相关的丰富经验 接近。Lowe博士将提供人工智能文化研究方面的专业知识和经验。培训 相关研究将在LIBR进行，这是一个致力于神经成像的最先进的研究所 旨在开发更有效的神经精神疾病治疗方法的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY American Indian (AI) populations have had the largest increase in suicide rates of any ethnic group in that past decade and have high rates of mental health concerns such as post-traumatic stress, substance use, anxiety, and mood disorders. However, previous research and preliminary analyses demonstrated that AIs actually display lower levels of mental health concerns than broader populations when accounting for increased levels of risk factors, (e.g., trauma exposure). Extant literature indicates that factors associated with AI culture are protective against poor mental health. Yet, little is known about how cultural factors (e.g., enculturation, social support) play a protective role. There are no published studies examining neural underpinnings of the protective role of AI cultural factors. Filling this gap is a critical step in supporting an experimental therapeutics approach to developing culturally informed prevention and intervention efforts. Cognitive control is a neurocognitive function that is implicated across numerous psychiatric disorders, can be assessed with validated behavioral and neuroimaging tasks, and has been well-delineated in regard to underlying neural circuitry. The aims of the proposal are to (a) determine whether cultural protective factors relate to behavioral and neural indicators of cognitive control, as measured during electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging and (b) develop an experimental, cultural identification paradigm to serve as the basis for future culturally-informed neuroscientific research and intervention/prevention efforts. A community based participatory research (CBPR) framework will be used to recruit participants who have completed multimodal neural and behavioral indicators of cognitive control, clinical interviews, self-report measures of psychopathology symptoms and global functioning as part of a previous study. They will complete self-report measures of enculturation, social support, global functioning and a cultural enhancement induction paradigm developed using a CBPR framework. These data will provide an essential foundation for developing culturally informed, evidence-based intervention and prevention efforts aimed at reducing the mental health disparities among AIs. The proposed training plan will expand Dr. White expertise in neuroscientific mechanisms of cognitive control through mentorship, coursework, and hands-on training in advanced statistical methods, multimodal (EEG/fMRI) neuroimaging, clinical neuroscience, and culturally informed research. He has assembled a team of mentors well suited to provide the required diversity of expertise he needs to achieve independence. Dr. Martin Paulus will provide expertise neuroimaging and advanced data analytic expertise. Dr. Aupperle will bring extensive experience related to neuroimaging and clinically relevant neuroscience approaches. Dr. Lowe will provide expertise and experiences in AI culturally informed research. The training and associated research will be conducted at LIBR, a state-of-the-art institute dedicated to neuroimaging research aimed at developing more effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.