Data and Methods Core

数据和方法核心

• 批准号: 10712923
• 负责人: Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
• 金额: $ 118.25万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10712923
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Acceleration; Address; Affect; Area; Attention; Censuses; Communication; Communities; Community Health; Complex; County; Data; Data Set; Development; Educational Materials; Educational workshop; Effectiveness; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Explosion; Health Insurance; Housing; Human Resources; Income; Infrastructure; Insurance Coverage; Interruption; Investigation; Knowledge; Light; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Nature; Neighborhoods; Occupations; Opioid; Outcome; Persons; Play; Policies; Policy Maker; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Review Literature; Risk; Role; Scanning; Scientist; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; Speed; Structural Racism; Techniques; Testing; Time Series Analysis; Training; Trust; Update; Wages; Work; community-level factor; coronavirus disease; data library; data resource; drug misuse; education resources; effectiveness evaluation; experience; high risk; illicit opioid; improved; innovation; mindfulness; non-opioid analgesic; opioid epidemic; opioid misuse; opioid policy; repository; social; social disparities; social structure; socioeconomics; structural determinants; substance misuse; timeline; tool; treatment effect; vulnerable community

DATA & METHODS CORE ABSTRACT Researchers and policymakers need better data, improved methods, and rigorous analysis to best determine which policies and initiatives are, or could be, effective in addressing the nation’s opioid-related public health crisis. Research assessing the effectiveness of specific opioid policies and initiatives has surged, but much of this work uses accessible existing policy datasets and familiar difference-in-difference and interrupted time series analysis. Multiple studies have identified shortcomings of these methods in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects and policy endogeneity. Furthermore, while researchers have begun to pay greater attention to inconsistencies in how opioid policy data are defined and operationalized, far less attention has been given to the differential impacts the same policies have on different communities in light of vulnerabilities and structural factors that lead to differential policy experiences. There is also increasing evidence that the community environment itself influences opioid misuse and harm, raising questions about how effective different opioid policy strategies might be given interactions with local factors. These conceptual and methodological challenges need to be clearly defined and communicated to all those working in this policy space. As a national resource, OPTIC has actively addressed this need, and OPTIC’s Data & Methods Core (DMC) plays an essential role in that effort. Internally, the DMC maximizes the efficiency and quality of Center work by providing the data, tools, and methodological support necessary to conduct high-quality, innovative research. Externally, the DMC is a reliable resource for the scientific community, providing data to support studies of policy effects and community vulnerabilities, publishing educational resources on data and methods to enhance the rigor of such studies, conducting trainings for junior investigators developing research in this area, and disseminating information on best methodological practices for evaluating policies affecting opioid- related outcomes. The DMC will continue updating, tracking, gathering, and documenting opioid-related policies and their specific components and timelines on a state-by-year basis (2000-2027). We will update our comprehensive literature review on the use and/or effectiveness of federal and state policy approaches to the opioid crisis, retaining our focus on the methodological rigor of the evaluations with additional attention to differential effects of policy by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and types of drug misuse affected by the policy. We will identify, construct, and assess metrics that capture the high risk of discriminatory implementation and enforcement of opioid policies within communities, and we will continue to assist the OPTIC community in the development and testing of new methods for dealing with complex and dynamic policy environments.

数据与方法核心摘要 研究人员和政策制定者需要更好的数据、改进的方法和严格的分析， 哪些政策和举措在解决国家与阿片类药物相关的公共卫生方面是或可能是有效的 危机评估具体阿片类药物政策和举措有效性的研究激增，但大部分研究都是在 这项工作使用可访问的现有策略数据集和熟悉的差异中的差异和中断时间 系列分析多项研究已经确定了这些方法的缺点， 异质性治疗效果和政策内生化。此外，虽然研究人员已经开始支付 更多地关注类阿片政策数据如何定义和操作方面的不一致， 同样的政策对不同社区的不同影响， 脆弱性和结构性因素导致不同的政策经验。也日益 有证据表明，社区环境本身会影响阿片类药物的滥用和危害， 不同的类阿片政策战略如何有效地与当地因素相互作用。这些概念 需要明确定义和方法上的挑战，并传达给所有从事这一政策工作的人 空间作为一个国家资源，OPTIC积极满足这一需求，OPTIC的数据和方法核心 (DMC)在这一努力中发挥着至关重要的作用。在内部，DMC最大限度地提高了中心的效率和质量 通过提供必要的数据，工具和方法支持来开展高质量，创新的 research.在外部，灾害监测委员会是科学界的可靠资源，提供数据支持 研究政策影响和社区脆弱性，出版关于数据和方法的教育资源 为了提高这些研究的严谨性，为在这方面开展研究的初级研究人员进行培训， 传播关于评价影响类阿片政策的最佳方法做法的信息， 相关成果。DMC将继续更新、跟踪、收集和记录与阿片类药物相关的信息。 各州的政策及其具体组成部分和时间表（2000-2027年）。我们会随时更新我们 关于联邦和州政策方法的使用和/或有效性的全面文献综述， 阿片类药物危机，继续关注评价方法的严谨性，并额外关注 政策对种族/民族、社会经济地位和受影响的药物滥用类型的不同影响 政策我们将确定，构建和评估衡量标准，捕捉歧视性的高风险， 在社区内实施和执行阿片类药物政策，我们将继续协助 OPTIC社区开发和测试处理复杂和动态政策的新方法 环境.