Gene-Environment Interaction Effects on HIV Risk

基因-环境相互作用对艾滋病毒风险的影响

• 批准号: 7600497
• 负责人: Brian Mustanski
• 金额: $ 53.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-10 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7600497
• 关键词: Adolescent; African; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; American; Americas; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Bioethics Consultants; Biological; Candidate Disease Gene; Caregivers; Censuses; Child; Communities; Complement; Consultations; Control Groups; Crime; DNA; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Disadvantaged; Drug usage; Environment; Ethics; Exposure to; Family; Funding; Gender; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Housing; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Neurobiology; Neurotransmitters; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Poverty; Process; Public Housing; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Sampling; Services; Staging; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Toxic Environmental Substances; Work; Youth; behavior change; dissemination research; externalizing behavior; gene environment interaction; girls; high risk sexual behavior; innovation; meetings; novel; parental monitoring; protective effect; pubertal timing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African American (AA) urban adolescents are one of the groups at greatest risk of exposure to HIV, and impoverished urban youth show high rates of other risk behaviors, including drug use, alcohol abuse, and externalizing behaviors. This study is guided by a bioecological model that integrates neighborhood and genetic factors as predictors of a cluster of HIV risk behaviors. Ur specific aims are to: test a bioecological model of HIV risk behaviors among impoverished AA youth; (2) identify mediators and moderators of genes and neighborhoods on a cluster of HIV risk behaviors among impoverished AA youth; (3) conduct all of the research and dissemination of findings according to the highest bioethical standards and in service to the participating community. In order to accomplish these aims, this proposal takes advantage of a natural experiment in which federal housing funds were recently used to relocate a sample of AA youth living in impoverished public housing to more advantaged neighborhoods. In addition to this "treatment condition", two natural control groups exist: (1) youth living in other public housing neighborhoods that are equivalent on census measures of poverty and youth self-reported HIV risk behaviors; (2) youth that relocated to similarly disadvantaged neighborhoods. What makes this natural experiment particularly exceptional is that all of these youth (N = 637, ages 14-18) are participants in our ongoing Mobile Youth Survey (MYS), which provides multiple waves of pre-relocation youth self-report data on HIV risk behaviors and neighborhood quality. To complement and extend the MYS database, we will gather detailed assessments of sexual risk taking, substance use, externalizing behaviors, neighborhood risks and resources, family factors, and personality from youth and their primary caregiver. We will also collect DNA from youth and genotype candidate neurotransmitter genes related to the cluster of HIV risk behaviors.. We will obtain for the first time local and federal crime and poverty data. All data collection and dissemination of findings will be performed with consultation from bioethicists and a community advisory board to assure that the highest ethical standards are met at all stages of the research. The immediate goal of this basic research project is to identify bioecological processes involved in a cluster of HIV risk behaviors. The long-term goal is to use these data to develop biological, behavioral, structural, or multilevel interventions for urban, impoverished adolescents highly vulnerable to HIV.

描述（由申请人提供）：非裔美国人（AA）城市青少年是感染艾滋病毒的最大风险群体之一，贫困的城市青少年表现出较高的其他危险行为，包括吸毒、酗酒和外化行为。这项研究以生物生态模型为指导，该模型将社区和遗传因素整合为一系列艾滋病毒危险行为的预测因素。您的具体目标是：测试贫困 AA 青年中艾滋病毒风险行为的生物生态模型； (2) 确定贫困 AA 青年中一系列艾滋病毒危险行为的基因和社区的调节因素和调节因素； (3) 根据最高的生物伦理标准进行所有研究和传播研究结果，并为参与社区服务。为了实现这些目标，该提案利用了一项自然实验，其中联邦住房基金最近被用来将居住在贫困公共住房中的 AA 青年样本重新安置到更有利的社区。除了这种“治疗条件”之外，还存在两个自然对照组：（1）生活在贫困人口普查指标相当的其他公共住房社区的青少年以及青少年自我报告的艾滋病毒危险行为； (2) 搬迁到同样处境不利的社区的青年。这项自然实验的特别之处在于，所有这些青少年（N = 637，年龄 14-18 岁）都是我们正在进行的流动青年调查 (MYS) 的参与者，该调查提供了多波搬迁前青少年关于艾滋病毒风险行为和社区质量的自我报告数据。为了补充和扩展 MYS 数据库，我们将收集青少年及其主要照顾者对性冒险、物质使用、外化行为、邻里风险和资源、家庭因素以及个性的详细评估。我们还将收集青少年的 DNA，并对与艾滋病毒危险行为群相关的候选神经递质基因进行基因分型。我们将首次获得地方和联邦的犯罪和贫困数据。所有数据收集和研究结果的传播都将在生物伦理学家和社区咨询委员会的咨询下进行，以确保在研究的所有阶段都符合最高的道德标准。该基础研究项目的直接目标是确定涉及一系列艾滋病毒危险行为的生物生态过程。长期目标是利用这些数据为极易感染艾滋病毒的城市贫困青少年制定生物学、行为、结构或多层次的干预措施。