Adaptation of Spatial Orientation in Locomotion and Posture

该项目的长期目标是了解空间控制的适应性机制 姿势和步态的定向，以改善平衡和步态障碍。改变表面条件 经常导致神经或前庭缺陷患者以及老年人跌倒和不稳定。我们的目标 更好地了解神经系统如何使姿势对齐和运动轨迹适应倾斜 和移动表面。我们当前资助周期的工作表明，适应改变的支撑表面 在站立和运动过程中会产生持久的动觉后遗症。拟议的研究将 检查中枢和感觉重新校准机制以适应姿势调整和 运动轨迹以及小脑在这种适应中的作用。我们假设这些姿势 暴露于改变的表面的运动后遗症反映了缓慢变化的中心表征 动觉躯干到表面的空间定向。我们的具体目标是： 具体目标 I：确定负责调整姿势的机制之间的相似性 对准和运动轨迹。我们假设 CMS 使用通用机制来适应 在不断变化的表面上的姿势和运动方向，以便每个人适应姿势的能力 因为表面倾斜度的变化将与它们适应运动变化的能力相关 表面条件。我们还假设适应的姿势和运动后遗症都可以是 随着表面倾斜或旋转的反复暴露而增加。 具体目标 II：确定小脑和前庭系统在适应姿势中的作用 姿势对准表面倾斜度的变化。我们假设小脑对于 使姿势定向适应改变的表面倾斜度和前庭系统提供了重要的 表面倾斜时直立姿势的参考。 具体目标三：阐明协调和适应性调节的机制 运动轨迹的曲率。我们假设运动过程中的转弯是由 调节腿部躯干状况的角度与线性中央程序的比率。 这些研究提供了一个新的概念框架来理解神经系统如何适应空间 定向，以便开发新的临床康复策略，以改善平衡和控制能力 步态。

The long-term goal of this project is to understand the adaptive mechanisms underlying control of spatial orientation in stance and gait in order to ameliorate balance and gait disorders. Altered surface conditions often result in falls and instability in patients with neurological or vestibular deficits and the elderly. We aim to better understand how the nervous system adapts postural alignment and locomotor trajectory to inclined and moving surfaces. Work in our current grant cycle has shown that adaptation to altered support surfaces during stance and locomotion results in long-lasting kinesthetic after-effects. The proposed studies will examine the central and sensory recalibration mechanisms for adaptation of postural alignment and locomotor trajectories and the role of the cerebellum in this adaptation. We hypothesize that these postural and locomotor after-effects of exposure to altered surfaces reflect a slowly changing, central representation of kinesthetic trunk-to-surface spatial orientation. Our specific aims are: Specific Aim I: To identify similarities among mechanisms responsible for adapting postural alignment and locomotor trajectory. We hypothesize that the CMSuses a common mechanism to adapt postural and locomotor orientation on changing surfaces such that each individual's ability to adapt posture for changes in surface inclination will be correlated with their ability to adapt locomotion for changes in surface conditions. We also hypothesize that both postural and locomotor after-effects of adaptation can be increased with repeated exposure to surface inclinations or rotations. Specific Aim II: To determine the roles of the cerebellum and vestibular systems in adapting stance postural alignment to changes in surface inclination. We hypothesize that the cerebellum is critical for adapting postural orientation to altered surface inclinations and the vestibular system provides an important reference for upright posture when the surface is inclined. Specific Aim III: To clarify the mechanisms underlying coordination and adaptive modulation of curvature in the locomotor trajectory. We hypothesize that turning during locomotion is controlled by regulating the ratio of angular to linear central programs for leg-trunk condition. These studies provide a new conceptual framework to understanding how the nervous system adapts spatial orientation so that novel clinical rehabilitation strategies can be developed to improve control of balance and gait.