Development of Conduct Problems: Genetic and Environmental Interface

描述(由申请人提供)：我们已经实施了一项关于攻击和反社会行为(ASB)及其社会和生物风险因素的重大纵向孪生研究(#MH58354)。基于在9-10岁(第一波)和11-12岁(第二波)收集的两波数据，我们研究了儿童行为问题的遗传和环境差异，以及这些变化如何因性别、评分者和ASB的定义而变化。ASB与已知风险因素(社会和生物)的关系已得到确认，并已确定新的关系。研究了环境和/或遗传因素在多大程度上调节风险因素/ASB关系，这对未来的干预至关重要。我们建议将这项研究扩展到14-15岁(第三波)和16-17岁(第四波)的另外两波评估，以获得这些相同儿童在青春期反社会和攻击性行为及其风险因素的综合衡量标准。下一阶段的主要目标是了解ASB的环境、遗传和表型的连续性及其9-17岁的生物和社会风险因素。第一个为期5年的阶段在两波调查中对行为、神经认知、社交和心理生理功能进行了全面评估。在第一波中，双胞胎和他们的主要照顾者参与了最广泛的评估，包括关于行为和心理社会风险因素的结构化访谈，神经认知测试，以及休息期间和各种任务(注意力和情绪相关)的心理生理反应(心血管、皮肤电、皮质和肌电)。第二波中的后续评估主要关注儿童的行为和社会风险因素(同伴和家庭特征)，有限的心理生理记录(仅限于自主测量)。在青春期再增加两波数据收集将提供有史以来在遗传信息设计中获得的关于ASB的最全面、最具前瞻性的纵向数据。这项为期四波、为期10年的纵向双胞胎研究将提供独特的机会，了解基因和环境如何结合并相互作用，从而在儿童和青少年中产生反社会后果。在这份修订后的申请中，澄清了理论框架和详细的分析计划。数据分析核心工作人员已经扩大，以协助从这一丰富和独特的纵向数据集进行复杂的表型和遗传分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have implemented a major longitudinal twin study of aggression and antisocial behavior (ASB) and its social and biological risk factors (#MH58354). Based on two waves of data collected at ages 9-10 (Wave 1) and 11-12 (Wave 2), we study genetic and environmental variations in childhood conduct problems, and how these vary across gender, rater, and definition of ASB. Relationships of ASB with known risk factors (social and biological) have been confirmed, and new relationships have been identified. The extent to which risk factor/ASB relationships are mediated by environmental and/or genetic factors is studied and is of key importance to future intervention. We propose to extend the study to include 2 additional waves of assessment at ages 14-15 (Wave 3) and 16-17 (Wave 4), to obtain comprehensive measures of antisocial and aggressive behavior and their risk factors for these same children during adolescence. The primary aim of the next phase is to understand environmental, genetic, and phenotypic continuities in ASB and its biological and social risk factors from age 9-17. The first 5-year phase provided comprehensive assessments of behavioral, neurocognitive, social, and psychophysiological function during two waves of investigation. In Wave 1, twins and their primary caregivers participated in the most extensive assessment, including structured interviews about behavior and psychosocial risk factors, neurocognitive testing, and psychophysiological responses (cardiovascular, electrodermal, electrocortical, and electromyographic) during rest periods and a variety of tasks (attention and emotion-related). A follow-up assessment in Wave 2 focused primarily on children's' behavior and social risk factors (peer and family characteristics), with a limited psychophysiological recording (autonomic measures only). Adding two more waves of data collection during adolescence will provide the most comprehensive, prospective longitudinal data on ASB ever obtained in a genetically informative design. This four-wave, 10 year longitudinal twin study will provide the unique opportunity to understand how genes and environment combine and interact to produce antisocial outcomes in children and adolescents. In this revised application, clarifications of theoretical framework and a detailed plan for analyses are provided. The data analysis core staff has been expanded to assist in the complex phenotypic and genetic analyses that will ensue from this rich and unique longitudinal dataset.