Relational and contextual phenomenology of STI/HIV risk

描述（由申请人提供）：性传播感染（STI），包括人类免疫缺陷感染（HIV），是与每个特定性事件相关的风险。大多数行为研究通过行为的平均水平来衡量STI/HIV风险行为，这些行为可能受到相对较远的因果因素，如知识，态度，行为技能和其他个人属性的影响。因此，性传播感染风险和保护模型对与性交、性传播感染预防和感染密切相关的关系和背景现象不敏感。拟议中的研究提供了一个逻辑的延伸，以前的研究集中在心理，人际关系，社会和行为现象，发生在时间与性。心理现象包括与性事件直接相关的信念/态度、情绪、情感唤起和性欲/唤起等因素。人际关系现象是指对伴侣的看法，如伴侣的忠诚度和感知伴侣的性欲/性唤起。社会现象包括同居、学校和聚会等环境，这些环境可能会构建与性活动相关的人际浪漫/性互动。行为现象包括非性交的二人行为、非性交的性行为以及性交特有的行为，如冲洗、避孕或使用避孕套。该研究框架涉及性活动之前、性活动期间和性活动之后的现象，以捕捉性活动发生的背景。因此，研究的时间重点是两个伴侣进入身体接近的时间到性活动（包括性交）的时间到伴侣离开身体接近的时间。受试者将是种族多样的青少年和年轻成年女性和男性（入组时年龄为15 - 29岁; N=400），从STI高患病率的城市地区招募。数据收集将包括入组评价和使用电子日志方法进行的为期12周（84天）的每日报告。STI测试将在12周开始时进行，随后每周进行一次，并在12周结束时进行。这项研究有助于更详细地了解与性传播感染有关的风险。如果成功的话，这项研究可以为改善避孕套和杀微生物剂等产品的使用提供干预措施，或者学习帮助人们降低感染风险的方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexually transmitted infections (STI), including human immunodeficiency infections (HIV), are risks associated with each specific sexual event. Most behavioral research measures STI/HIV risk behaviors by average levels of the behavior that may be influenced by relatively distal causal factors like knowledge, attitudes, behavioral skills and other individual attributes. Thus, models of STI risk and protection are insensitive to the relational and contextual phenomena that are proximally associated with coitus, STI prevention, and infection. The proposed research offers a logical extension of prior research by focus on the psychological, interpersonal, social and behavioral phenomena that occur in temporal conjunction with sex. Psychological phenomena include factors such as beliefs/attitudes, mood, emotional arousal and sexual desire/arousal directly associated with a sexual event. Interpersonal phenomena refer to perceptions about a partner such as partner supportiveness and perceived partner sexual desire/arousal. Social phenomena include contexts such as cohabitation, school, and parties that may structure interpersonal romantic/sexual interactions associated with sexual activity. Behavioral phenomena include non-sexual dyadic behaviors, non-coital sexual behaviors as well as coitus-specific behaviors such as douching, contraception or condom use. The research framework addresses phenomena immediately prior to sexual activity, during sexual activity and immediately after sexual activity to capture the contexts within which sexual activity occurs. Thus, the temporal focus of the research is time of entry into physical proximity of two partners to the time of sexual activity (including coitus) to the time of partners' exit from physical proximity. Subjects will be ethnically diverse adolescent and young adult women and men (ages 15 - 29 at enrollment; N=400), recruited from an urban area with high STI prevalence. Data collection will consist of enrollment evaluation and one 12 weeks (84 days) session of daily reports using electronic diary methods. STI testing will occur at the beginning of the 12-week period, at weekly intervals subsequently, and at the end of the 12-week period. The research is relevant to more detailed understanding of risk related to sexually transmitted infections. If successful, the research could inform interventions to improve use of products such as condoms and microbicides, or learning about ways to help people reduce risk of infection.