Relational and contextual phenomenology of STI/HIV risk

描述(申请人提供)：性传播感染(STI)，包括人类免疫缺陷感染(HIV)，是与每个特定的性事件相关的风险。大多数行为研究通过行为的平均水平来衡量STI/HIV危险行为，这些行为可能受到相对较远的因果因素的影响，如知识、态度、行为技能和其他个人属性。因此，STI风险和保护的模型对与性交、STI预防和感染密切相关的关系和背景现象不敏感。这项拟议的研究通过关注在时间上与性相关的心理、人际、社会和行为现象，提供了先前研究的合乎逻辑的扩展。心理现象包括与性事件直接相关的信念/态度、情绪、情绪唤醒和性欲/唤起等因素。人际现象指的是对伴侣的看法，如伴侣的支持度和感知到的伴侣的性欲/性唤起。社会现象包括同居、学校和聚会等可能构成与性活动相关的人际浪漫/性互动的背景。行为现象包括非性二元行为、非性交行为以及性交特有的行为，如冲洗、避孕或使用避孕套。该研究框架处理紧接性活动之前、期间和之后的现象，以捕获性活动发生的背景。因此，研究的时间焦点是两个伴侣进入身体接近的时间，从性行为(包括性交)的时间到伴侣离开身体接近的时间。受试者将是种族多样化的青少年和年轻成年男女(注册时年龄为15-29岁；N=400)，从性传播感染高发的城市地区招募。数据收集将包括注册评估和一次12周(84天)的使用电子日记方法的每日报告。STI检测将在12周期间开始时进行，随后每周间隔一次，并在12周期间结束时进行。这项研究与更详细地了解与性传播感染相关的风险有关。如果成功，这项研究可能会为改善避孕套和杀菌剂等产品的使用提供干预措施，或者学习帮助人们降低感染风险的方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexually transmitted infections (STI), including human immunodeficiency infections (HIV), are risks associated with each specific sexual event. Most behavioral research measures STI/HIV risk behaviors by average levels of the behavior that may be influenced by relatively distal causal factors like knowledge, attitudes, behavioral skills and other individual attributes. Thus, models of STI risk and protection are insensitive to the relational and contextual phenomena that are proximally associated with coitus, STI prevention, and infection. The proposed research offers a logical extension of prior research by focus on the psychological, interpersonal, social and behavioral phenomena that occur in temporal conjunction with sex. Psychological phenomena include factors such as beliefs/attitudes, mood, emotional arousal and sexual desire/arousal directly associated with a sexual event. Interpersonal phenomena refer to perceptions about a partner such as partner supportiveness and perceived partner sexual desire/arousal. Social phenomena include contexts such as cohabitation, school, and parties that may structure interpersonal romantic/sexual interactions associated with sexual activity. Behavioral phenomena include non-sexual dyadic behaviors, non-coital sexual behaviors as well as coitus-specific behaviors such as douching, contraception or condom use. The research framework addresses phenomena immediately prior to sexual activity, during sexual activity and immediately after sexual activity to capture the contexts within which sexual activity occurs. Thus, the temporal focus of the research is time of entry into physical proximity of two partners to the time of sexual activity (including coitus) to the time of partners' exit from physical proximity. Subjects will be ethnically diverse adolescent and young adult women and men (ages 15 - 29 at enrollment; N=400), recruited from an urban area with high STI prevalence. Data collection will consist of enrollment evaluation and one 12 weeks (84 days) session of daily reports using electronic diary methods. STI testing will occur at the beginning of the 12-week period, at weekly intervals subsequently, and at the end of the 12-week period. The research is relevant to more detailed understanding of risk related to sexually transmitted infections. If successful, the research could inform interventions to improve use of products such as condoms and microbicides, or learning about ways to help people reduce risk of infection.