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Viral interaction with host eIF2alpha kinases

病毒与宿主 eIF2α 激酶的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
9789821
负责人：
Katherine R. Spindler
金额：
$ 60.82万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-24 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9789821
关键词：
Address Adenovirus Infections Adenoviruses Affect Amino Acids Antiviral Agents Antiviral Response Binding Binding Sites Biological Assay Biology Bunyaviridae Cells Cellular Stress Color DNA Viruses Data Development Disease Double-Stranded RNA Enzymes Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Family Family Picornaviridae Gene Expression Goals Growth HIV-1 Host Defense Human In Vitro Infection Infection Control Knowledge Laboratories Messenger RNA Mission Molecular Molecular Virology Murid herpesvirus 1 Mus Nucleic Acids Pathogenesis Phosphorylation Phosphotransferases Proteasome Inhibitor Protein Analysis Protein Biosynthesis RNA RNA Polymerase III Reporting Research Role Sindbis Virus System Testing Time Transcript Translating Translations Ubiquitination United States National Institutes of Health Untranslated RNA Viral Viral Genes Viral Pathogenesis Viral Proteins Virus Virus Diseases Virus Replication base cytokine deprivation disorder control experimental study human disease in vivo in vivo Model innovation macromolecule macrophage mortality mouse model multicatalytic endopeptidase complex mutant prevent protein activation protein kinase R response virology virus host interaction

项目摘要

Summary Viruses use many strategies to translate their mRNAs in the face of antiviral responses that would otherwise block viral protein synthesis. The most prominent antiviral mechanism affecting protein synthesis is phosphorylation of eukaryotic initation factor 2 (eIF2 by protein kinase R (PKR). Human adenoviruses (hAds) overcome this via virus-associated (VA) RNAs that block PKR activation. However, mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) does not encode VA RNAs; how MAV-1 successfully overcomes PKR is unknown. The role of another eIF2 kinase, GCN2, in antiviral responses is less well appreciated, but it is antiviral against MAV-1. There is a critical need to understand how PKR and GCN2 impact viral replication as part of the antiviral response. The long-term goal is to increase fundamental knowledge about adenovirus-host interactions that contribute to disease. The overall objective of this application is to determine how MAV-1 modulates host eIF2 kinases and successfully replicates in the presence of these host antiviral defenses. The central hypothesis is that MAV-1 overcomes the host antiviral response by reducing PKR levels, whereas MAV-1 activates but does not evade GCN2 in macrophages, target cells of viral replication. This hypothesis is based on preliminary data that PKR is depleted in MAV-1 infections, GCN2-deficient macrophages produce more virus, and GCN2-deficient mice are more susceptible and express more proinflammatory cytokines upon MAV-1 infection than control mice. The rationale is that knowing how MAV-1 induces and counteracts the host antiviral responses will enable manipulation of these responses and testing their effects in a powerful in vivo model, which will increase understanding of disease. The specific aims are to determine 1) how MAV-1 counters the host PKR response, and 2) how the host GCN2 response protects mice from MAV-1 infection. These aims will use assays of MAV-1 pathogenesis and molecular virology established in the applicant's laboratory. In Aim 1, preliminary data showing that during infection PKR is degraded via the proteasome and PKR translation is inhibited will be validated and extended to identify the mechanisms and whether specific viral genes are responsible. Approaches will use viral mutants, PKR-/- mice and cells. Aim 2 will address how the lack of GCN2 leads to higher mouse mortality and proinflammatory responses, and whether and how MAV-1 induces GCN2 activation, using viral mutants, and wild type and GCN2-/- mice and cells. The approach is innovative because it will elucidate for the first time how a DNA virus induces depletion of PKR, and it will broaden the focus on eIF2 kinase GCN2 as a host antiviral response. The research is significant because it is expected to have fundamental relevance to virus-host interactions and human disease.

总结