Family Study of African Americans & Vuln. Factors Among Migrant Puerto Ricans

非裔美国人的家庭研究

• 批准号: 7594578
• 负责人: kathleen r merikangas
• 金额: $ 11.08万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7594578
• 关键词: Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adopted; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Behavioral; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Child; Childhood; Code; Communities; Comorbidity; Complex; Condition; Connecticut; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Disease; District of Columbia; Drug usage; Early Intervention; Emotional disorder; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Evaluation; Family; Family Study; Family history of; Goals; Hispanics; Individual; Interpersonal Violence; Island; Knowledge; Low Prevalence; Manuscripts; Measures; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Nomads; Outcome; Paper; Parents; Pathogenesis; Pattern; Population; Preparation; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention intervention; Principal Investigator; Problem behavior; Process; Psychopathology; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Puerto Rican; Puerto Rico; Rate; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Secondary Prevention; Site; Source; Subgroup; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; United States; Universities; Violence; Week; Youth; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance use; alcohol related problem; base; clinically significant; design; experience; follow-up; indexing; medical specialties; migration; problem drinker; prospective; racial and ethnic; social; substance abuser; transmission process

Family Study of African Americans This project was a five year study of black children ages 8-17 at high and low risk for alcohol-related problems based on a history of parental alcoholism. A prospective design was used to identify the specific disorders for which these children are at heightened vulnerability, and salient risk and protective processes in the development of the various types of childhood disorders. The major goals of the study were: 1. To examine the extent and patterns of psychopathology and behavioral problems among the offspring ages 8-17 of black alcoholic parents; 2. To assess the role of familial transmission of alcohol abuse/dependence and comorbid psychopathology, including substance abuse/dependence, in the pathogenesis of alcohol abuse in children; and 3. To identify multiple risk and protective indices of the pathogenesis of alcohol problems in black youth in order to yield information on the key targets of prevention and intervention. The key features of the study were: the sample of black alcohol abusers with young children about which there are sparse data; the epidemiologic source of the sample, which strengthened the generalizability of the findings and minimizes the bias in ascertainment of minorities from specialty treatment settings; the application of an epidemiologic family study paradigm, which permitted assessment of factors associated with familial transmission of risk factors and the mechanisms thereof; evaluation of the role of comorbidity of anxiety disorders and alcoholism in the transmission of alcohol-related problems; comprehensive assessment of vulnerability factors from broad domains or risk encompassing personal, family, and environmental attributes including community violence; the provision of knowledge essential for prevention through the assessment of protective factors which may inhibit pathogenic processes among children at high risk. Data collection of this study was completed at Yale University before the Principal Investigators relocation to the NIMH. The resources of our section have been devoted to preparation of these data for analysis and subsequent publications. This research provides a model for conducting studies of social epidemiology of mental disorders and substance abuse. During the past year, we have completed data cleaning and coding. The data are now ready for statistical analyses of the key study questions. We are continuing to analyze these data and are submitting manuscripts for publication. Substance abuse and its sequelae, particularly AIDS and interpersonal violence, constitute a contemporary public health crisis of ever-widening impact. The increasing risk of substance abuse in youth, particularly among urban minorities, reveals the need for prevention and early intervention measures. Elucidation of the role of specific familial and sociocultural factors in the development of drug use and abuse would yield targets for primary and secondary prevention of substance abuse and its complications. Vulnerability Factors Among Migrant Puerto Ricans This project proposes to integrate family and migrant study methodology in a five-year prospective epidemiologic study of adolescent offspring of native and migrant Puerto Rican substance abusers and controls. The wave of migration of Puerto Ricans to Connecticut over several decades provides an exceptional opportunity to differentiate cultural, familial, and individual risk and protective factors for adolescent drug use and abuse. Puerto Ricans are an important yet understudied ethnic subgroup characterized by an apparently low prevalence of substance use and abuse on the island of Puerto Rico, yet by a prevalence of AIDS that is among the greatest in the world. Migrant study methodology permits identification of environmental risk factors for substance use/abuse by comparing the disease experience of biologically similar subgroups in their native and adopted environments. The family study method enables the identification of transmissible components of a condition by comparing the rates and risk factors for diseases in relatives of cases with those of controls. Combining these two approaches in a single study to investigate risk factors for substance abuse allows us to: a) identify the relative contribution of family history of substance abuse and psychopathology on drug use and abuse in Puerto Rican adolescents while taking into account the influence of cultural environment, and b) identify the relative contribution of cultural factors on the risk of adolescent substance use and abuse, while taking into account background familial factors. The main aims of the study are: (1) To elucidate familial patterns of substance use and abuse and comorbid psychopathology between island and mainland Puerto Ricans; (2) To investigate the role of specific sociocultural factors in the development of adolescent substance use and abuse; (3) To identify and model the dynamics of the salient risk and protective factors at the individual, familial, and environmental levels for Puerto Rican adolescents at high and low risk for the development of substance abuse by virtue of parental substance abuse, and; (4) To conduct a longitudinal follow-up of the offspring to examine transitions in substance use status, and the association between the early patterns of substance use and comorbid psychopathology (including course and outcomes), as well as examine the stability of the assessments. Data collection of this study was completed at Yale University before the Principal Investigators relocation to the NIMH. The resources of our section have been devoted to developing analytic models for this complex data set comprised of families nested within sites. There are several manuscripts in preparation to report the results of this unique study. This project serves as a model for cross-cultural research that uses the migrant study design to identify specific cultural risk factors that may serve as targets for prevention and intervention. We have continued to analyze the data from this migration study of families in the U.S. and San Juan. We published two papers this past year (Conway et al, 2007) and (Dierker et al, 2006) and have a third that should be submitted in the next few weeks (Gau et al, in preparation). We are also developing a comparable family study here at the NIMH to study Hispanics in the Washington, D.C. area.

非裔美国人的家庭研究 该项目是一项为期五年的研究，根据父母的酗酒史，对 8 至 17 岁的黑人儿童进行了一项为期五年的研究，这些儿童存在酒精相关问题的高风险和低风险。采用前瞻性设计来确定这些儿童最容易罹患的特定疾病，以及各种类型儿童疾病发展过程中的显着风险和保护过程。 该研究的主要目标是： 1. 检查黑人酗酒父母的 8-17 岁后代的精神病理学和行为问题的程度和模式； 2. 评估酒精滥用/依赖的家族传播和共病精神病理学（包括药物滥用/依赖）在儿童酒精滥用发病机制中的作用；和 3. 确定黑人青少年酒精问题发病机制的多种风险和保护指数，以便提供有关预防和干预关键目标的信息。 该研究的主要特点是： 样本是有幼儿的黑人酗酒者，但数据很少；样本的流行病学来源，这增强了研究结果的普遍性，并最大限度地减少了专业治疗环境中确定少数群体的偏差；应用流行病学家庭研究范式，可以评估与危险因素家族传播相关的因素及其机制；评估焦虑症和酗酒共病在酒精相关问题传播中的作用；对广泛领域的脆弱性因素或包括个人、家庭和环境属性（包括社区暴力）的风险进行全面评估；通过评估可能抑制高危儿童致病过程的保护因素，提供预防所需的知识。 这项研究的数据收集是在耶鲁大学完成的，之后主要研究人员转移到 NIMH。我们部门的资源专门用于准备这些数据以供分析和后续出版物。这项研究为开展精神障碍和药物滥用的社会流行病学研究提供了模型。在过去的一年里，我们完成了数据清理和编码工作。现在数据已准备好用于关键研究问题的统计分析。 我们正在继续分析这些数据并提交手稿以供出版。 药物滥用及其后遗症，特别是艾滋病和人际暴力，构成了影响日益扩大的当代公共卫生危机。青少年，特别是城市少数群体滥用药物的风险日益增加，表明需要采取预防和早期干预措施。 阐明特定家庭和社会文化因素在药物使用和滥用发展中的作用将为药物滥用及其并发症的一级和二级预防提供目标。 波多黎各移民的脆弱因素 该项目提议将家庭和移民研究方法纳入对波多黎各本土和移民药物滥用者和对照青少年后代的为期五年的前瞻性流行病学研究。 几十年来波多黎各人向康涅狄格州移民的浪潮为区分青少年吸毒和滥用的文化、家庭和个人风险及保护因素提供了绝佳的机会。波多黎各人是一个重要但未被充分研究的族裔亚群，其特点是波多黎各岛上药物使用和滥用的流行率明显较低，但艾滋病流行率却是世界上最高的之一。 移民研究方法允许通过比较生物学上相似的亚群在其原生环境和收养环境中的疾病经历来识别物质使用/滥用的环境风险因素。家庭研究方法通过比较病例亲属与对照组亲属的疾病发生率和危险因素，能够识别疾病的可传播成分。将这两种方法结合在一项研究中来调查药物滥用的风险因素，使我们能够：a）确定药物滥用家族史和精神病理学对波多黎各青少年药物使用和滥用的相对贡献，同时考虑到文化环境的影响；b）确定文化因素对青少年药物使用和滥用风险的相对贡献，同时考虑背景家庭因素。该研究的主要目的是： (1) 阐明波多黎各岛屿和大陆人之间物质使用和滥用的家族模式以及共病精神病理学； (2) 调查特定社会文化因素在青少年药物使用和滥用发展中的作用； (3) 确定和模拟因父母滥用药物而处于药物滥用高风险和低风险的波多黎各青少年在个人、家庭和环境层面的显着风险和保护因素的动态； (4) 对后代进行纵向随访，以检查物质使用状态的转变，以及早期物质使用模式与共病精神病理学（包括病程和结果）之间的关联，并检查评估的稳定性。 这项研究的数据收集是在耶鲁大学完成的，之后主要研究人员转移到 NIMH。我们部门的资源致力于为这个由嵌套在站点内的家庭组成的复杂数据集开发分析模型。有几份手稿正在准备报告这项独特研究的结果。该项目作为跨文化研究的模型，利用移民研究设计来确定可作为预防和干预目标的特定文化风险因素。 我们继续分析这项美国和圣胡安家庭移民研究的数据。去年我们发表了两篇论文（Conway 等人，2007 年）和（Dierker 等人，2006 年），第三篇论文应在接下来的几周内提交（Gau 等人，正在准备中）。我们还在 NIMH 开展一项类似的家庭研究，以研究华盛顿特区的西班牙裔美国人。