Population-Based Epidemiologic Research

基于人群的流行病学研究

• 批准号: 10011376
• 负责人: kathleen r merikangas
• 金额: $ 77.36万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10011376
• 关键词: 16 year old; Academic Medical Centers; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohols; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Attention; Australia; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biochemical Genetics; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Child; Child Mental Health; Child Rearing; Classification; Clinic; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Communities; Community Health; Comorbidity; Complement; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Country; Data; Data Sources; Databases; Development; Disease; Eating Disorders; Emotional; Environment; Epidemiology; Etiology; Family; Family Study; Family history of; Feeling suicidal; First Degree Relative; Follow-Up Studies; Frequencies; Friendships; Funding; Future; Genetic; Genetic Research; Genetic Translation; Genetic study; Genomics; Goals; Headache; Health; Health behavior; Hypersomnolence; Individual; Institutes; Interview; Investigation; Ketamine; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Manic; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Migraine; Mind; Mission; Mood Disorders; Moods; Mothers; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurologic; New York; Outcome; Paper; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pennsylvania; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Philadelphia; Physical activity; Population; Population Genetics; Population Heterogeneity; Population Research; Population Study; Prevalence; Prevention; Primary Health Care; Prospective Studies; Psyche structure; Public Health; Published Comment; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk Factors; Sampling; Schools; Scopolamine; Siblings; Sleep; Sleeplessness; Social Functioning; Sports; Statistical Data Interpretation; Statistical Methods; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide attempt; Suicide prevention; Surveys; Switzerland; Symptoms; Translating; Universities; Work; Youth; adolescent substance use; aged; alcohol use disorder; base; cardiovascular risk factor; clinical care; cohesion; developmental genetics; disease classification; epidemiology study; farmer; genetic analysis; genetic epidemiology; improved; interest; knowledge base; meter; neighborhood disadvantage; offspring; pediatric department; peer; physical conditioning; population based; proband; programs; psychogenetics; psychological distress; psychosocial; respiratory; response; social; study population; young adult

We have continued to leverage the Adolescent Supplement of the National Comorbidity Survey's (NCS-A) rich information on risk factors to expand the scientific knowledge base that can be used to inform prevention efforts. We published a study of the association between engagement in regular physical activity and adolescent psychiatric disorders (He et al, 2018), and found that physical activity was associated with lower odds of mood disorder and psychological distress, but higher odds of alcohol use disorder and eating disorder. Importantly, some associations were observed only among adolescents who did or did not participate in organized sports. In collaboration with colleagues at Columbia and Johns Hopkins Universities, we published a methodological article that focused on school- and peer-level mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage to adolescent substance use and substance use disorder in the NCS-A (Rudolph et al, 2018). The purpose of this paper was to assist public health researchers in choosing between, and implementing, different statistical methods that can be used to study the pathways by which risk factors affect mental health. Additionally, in accordance with NIMH's recent focus on suicide prevention, we also conducted a study of social functioning, including characteristics of friendships, sibling relationships, family cohesion, and parenting style, and its association with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents in the NCS-A (Van Meter et al, 2019). This study took a unique approach by addressing these questions among adolescents with and without mental illness separately. We also investigated patterns of offspring-perceived family environment and their associations with parental bipolar disorder (BD) in a prospective study of adolescents age 12-21 from urban academic medical centers in the U.S. and Australia. We found that maternal BD was associated with offspring perceiving High Maternal Conflict. It may be helpful to support mothers with BD by addressing family functioning, with attention to offspring perceptions of their wellbeing, in clinical care and psychosocial settings (Stapp et al, 2019). We have also continued to study comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and other types of health conditions. In collaboration with researchers at the Mayo Clinic, we published the only nationally-representative study of the links between hypersomnolence and mental health among adolescents (Kolla et al, 2019). We found that adolescents with hypersomnolence were more likely to have behavioral disorders and eating disorders as well as insomnia. This study contributes to our understanding of the complex interrelationships between sleep/wake function and mental health. We have also continued to work on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort Study and conducted a study of comorbidity of headache and migraine with other physical and mental health conditions in youth aged 8-21 (Lateef et al, 2019). We found that youth with migraine were more likely to have specific mental and physical conditions, including respiratory and neurologic conditions as well as anxiety, behavior, and mood disorders. An important aspect of our work is the ability to use population-based studies to inform psychiatric disorder definitions and classification. During the past year we worked with a team of researchers to combine data from 9 community studies in 5 countries, including the Zurich Cohort Study, to assess the validity of the definition of BD (Angst et al, 2019). Our results showed differences between groups in psychiatric disorder comorbidity, although no differences in family history of psychiatric disorder. This study contributes to the ongoing debate in the literature regarding the classification of unipolar mania among psychiatric disorders. In line with our branch's focus on genetic epidemiology, we published two articles pertaining to the future of genetic research in mental health. The first (Arguello et al, 2019) is a report by the Genomics Workgroup of the National Advisory Mental Health Council (NAMHC). This workgroup, convened by the NIMH, is comprised of geneticists and neuroscientists to advise the NAMHC and works to enhance the NIMH's psychiatric genetics research program, prioritize follow-up studies, and provide guidance in many areas relevant to genomics research. The purpose of this article is to assist researchers in creating the most scientifically rigorous and informative research designs possible to maximize progress gained from research funding. The second (Merikangas and Merikangas, 2019) is a commentary describing current challenges, and potential solutions, to the translation of genetic discovery to improve population mental health. This article, written for a wider audience and aims to bring the public health community up to date regarding large-scale population genetic research. Our branch's expertise in the conduct of family studies and statistical genetics has facilitated our collaboration with other researchers in these areas. First, using a community-based longitudinal study of 16-year-old probands who were followed through age 30, we identified clinical characteristics of alcohol use disorders among probands that were associated with the frequency of disorder among first-degree relatives (Farmer et al, 2018). Second, in collaboration with researchers from NIMH, Mount Sinai, Baylor, and Columbia University, we conducted a statistical analysis of the genetic contribution to response to two fast-acting depression treatments, ketamine and scopolamine (Guo et al, 2018). These activities fulfill our ongoing mission to serve the wider research community in using genetic study designs to improve population mental health. Public Health Impact: The investigation of risk factors during development, which the NCS-A makes possible, is extremely important in mental health because many cases of psychiatric disorder first arise during or prior to young adulthood and because brain development is implicated in the etiology of many psychiatric disorders. Our studies of physical activity and sleep in adolescents complement our family study work on the importance of behavioral rhythms in mental health and contribute to scientific understanding of psychiatric disorder etiology and opportunities for prevention. Our continuing mission to help identify the appropriate thresholds and boundaries for defining psychiatric disorders addresses an important current challenge in translating research to improvements in public health, as discussed in our recent commentary. Our branch also continues to serve the broader scientific community by promoting advancement in research questions, study design, and statistical analysis. Future Plans: A current issue in mental health research is the need for transdiagnostic approaches to studying mental illness and brain development. Toward this end, we have continued to be active in the ongoing Child Mind Institute's Healthy Brain Network (HBN) and plan to begin intensive analysis of collected data during the next reporting period. The HBN will serve as a resource for researchers in the field who wish to tackle transdiagnostic research questions related to mental health in children and youth. To further this goal, we have also recently begun work on establishing a Child Mental Health Research Database, which will serve a resource for researchers across the world who are interested in working with data related to youth mental health. We also expect to continue publishing population-based studies related the themes of 1) the intersection between physical and mental health, 2) the relation between health behaviors and psychiatric disorder, and 3) the influence of environmental and social exposures among children and youth.

我们继续利用国家合并症调查青少年补充（NCS-A）关于风险因素的丰富信息，扩大可用于为预防工作提供信息的科学知识库。我们发表了一项关于定期体育活动与青少年精神疾病之间关系的研究（He et al, 2018），发现体育活动与情绪障碍和心理困扰的几率较低有关，但与酒精使用障碍和饮食障碍的几率较高有关。重要的是，一些关联只在参加或不参加有组织的体育运动的青少年中被观察到。我们与哥伦比亚大学和约翰霍普金斯大学的同事合作，发表了一篇方法学文章，重点研究了NCS-A中将邻里劣势与青少年物质使用和物质使用障碍联系起来的学校和同伴层面机制（Rudolph等人，2018）。本文的目的是帮助公共卫生研究人员选择和实施不同的统计方法，这些方法可用于研究风险因素影响心理健康的途径。此外，根据NIMH最近对自杀预防的关注，我们还进行了一项社会功能研究，包括NCS-A青少年的友谊、兄弟姐妹关系、家庭凝聚力和养育方式的特征，及其与自杀念头和自杀企图的关系（Van Meter等人，2019）。这项研究采用了一种独特的方法，分别在有精神疾病和没有精神疾病的青少年中解决这些问题。