Neuropixels Opto: Integrated Silicon Probes for Cell-Type-Specific Electrophysiology

Neuropixels Opto：用于细胞类型特异性电生理学的集成硅探针

• 批准号: 10731991
• 负责人: Joshua H Siegle
• 金额: $ 212.79万
• 依托单位: ALLEN INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-18 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731991
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Adoption; Anatomy; Area; BRAIN initiative; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cells; Chronic; Classification; Cognition; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Complex; Computer software; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase; FLP recombinase; Genomics; Goals; Heating; Human; Implant; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Light; Link; Measures; Methods; Molecular; Monitor; Morphology; Mus; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Opsin; Optics; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Reagent; Reporter; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; Silicon; Site; Source; System; Taxonomy; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Training; Transgenic Mice; Transgenic Organisms; Ventral Tegmental Area; Viral Genes; Visual Cortex; Visualization; Work; advanced system; brain cell; cell type; cost; data acquisition; density; design; efficacy validation; entorhinal cortex; experimental study; extracellular; fabrication; flexibility; genetic manipulation; implantable device; improved; in vivo; information processing; light gated; manufacture; manufacturing cost; manufacturing process; millisecond; miniaturize; nanoelectronics; neural; neural circuit; optogenetics; prototype; redshift; research and development; stability testing; temporal measurement; tool; transgene expression

PROJECT SUMMARY Within every brain region, neurons can be classified into dozens or hundreds of different cell types, each with unique functional roles and unique impacts on disease states. Traditionally, in vivo electrophysiological recordings—which have made invaluable contributions to our understanding of the neural basis of behavior— have not been able to distinguish the activity of genetically defined cell types. Despite recent advances in our ability to measure action potentials from many neurons simultaneously, it remains difficult to connect these spike trains to underlying cell types and all that is known about their morphology, connectivity patterns, and intrinsic properties. Here, we propose to extend the widely used Neuropixels platform by creating a version of these probes that is capable of both high-density electrophysiological recording and multi-color light delivery. This device, called Neuropixels Opto, could be used to identify cell types through an approach known as “optotagging,” while also facilitating precise manipulations of genetically defined neural populations. We will work with IMEC, a nanoelectronics R&D organization with exclusive access to world-class fabrication facilities, to design and build a fully integrated implantable recording device with 1280 electrical readout sites, up to 48 red light emitters, and up to 62 blue light emitters. A proof-of-concept version of this probe has already been delivered to the Allen Institute, where it was successfully used in an optotagging experiment. However, more work is required to develop a device that can be manufactured at scale and sold for around $2500/probe, in order to facilitate its dissemination throughout the systems neuroscience community. In collaboration with three external test sites, we will validate the efficacy of Neuropixels Opto for performing cell-type-specific recordings and manipulations in four brain regions: the visual cortex, entorhinal cortex, striatum, and the ventral tegmental area. In addition, we will extend popular data acquisition packages by developing modules for controlling these probes, as well as create new transgenic mouse lines that make it much simpler for users to carry out dual-color optogenetic manipulations. Taken together, these efforts will make Neuropixels Opto a powerful, accessible, and indispensable tool for understanding the role that different cell types play in living brains.

项目摘要 在每个大脑区域内，神经元可以分为数十种或数百种不同的细胞类型，每种细胞都具有独特的功能作用和对疾病状态的独特影响。传统上，活体电生理记录对我们理解行为的神经基础做出了宝贵的贡献，但却无法区分基因定义的细胞类型的活动。尽管我们最近在同时测量许多神经元动作电位的能力方面取得了进展，但仍然很难将这些尖峰序列与潜在的细胞类型以及所有已知的形态学，连接模式和内在特性联系起来。在这里，我们建议通过创建这些探针的一个版本来扩展广泛使用的Neuropixels平台，该版本能够进行高密度电生理记录和多色光传输。这种被称为Neuropixels Opto的设备可以通过一种被称为“光标记”的方法来识别细胞类型，同时还可以促进对遗传定义的神经群体的精确操作。我们将与IMEC合作，IMEC是一家拥有世界一流制造设施的纳米电子研发机构，设计和建造一个完全集成的植入式记录设备，具有1280个电读出点，多达48个红光发射器和多达62个蓝光发射器。该探测器的概念验证版本已经交付给艾伦研究所，在那里它成功地用于光标记实验。然而，还需要做更多的工作来开发一种可以大规模制造并以2500美元/探针的价格出售的设备，以促进其在整个系统神经科学界的传播。我们将与三个外部测试中心合作，验证Neuropixels Opto在四个大脑区域进行细胞类型特异性记录和操作的功效：视觉皮层，内嗅皮层，纹状体和腹侧被盖区。此外，我们将通过开发控制这些探针的模块来扩展流行的数据采集包，并创建新的转基因小鼠品系，使用户更容易进行双色光遗传学操作。总的来说，这些努力将使Neuropixels Opto成为一个强大的，可访问的和不可或缺的工具，用于了解不同细胞类型在活体大脑中的作用。