Prejudices and Discrimination Toward Asians and Hispanics During and After COVID-19

新冠肺炎期间和之后对亚裔和拉美裔的偏见和歧视 摘要 新冠肺炎的流行引发了人们对种族主义和仇外心理的日益担忧。来自我们全国的结果 2020年8月对5000名美国人进行的具有代表性的在线调查实验表明，当 在提到新冠肺炎的逆境时，受访者报告称，偏见和歧视加剧 针对少数族裔，特别是亚洲人和西班牙裔人。随之而来的问题是：这种种族主义和 仇外心理消退当社会和经济恢复正常，哪些机制会温和变化 这些态度转变对少数群体的福祉有何影响？我们 建议对这些问题进行纵向数据收集和分析。具体来说，我们将 收集第二波具有全国代表性的在线调查实验，以研究偏见和 在国家从新冠肺炎中复苏之际，对少数族裔的歧视。此外，我们将研究经济上的 利用我们的调查数据，在新冠肺炎之前、期间和之后对少数群体的心理幸福感进行了调查， 其中包括针对少数群体过多抽样的新的回溯措施模块。 在理论层面上，我们的项目通过研究(I)来补充种族主义和群体间关系的理论。 大流行引发的不安全感和威胁及其对态度和行为取向的影响 (2)随着社会的复苏，消除这些偏见和歧视；(3) 缓和减排进程的因素；以及(Iv)新冠肺炎对以下方面的经济和心理影响 少数群体使用追溯历史数据，从大流行前一年开始。在经验层面上， 该项目建立在具有全国代表性的纵向在线调查实验的基础上，该实验是在 在大流行之后，这是一个新的贡献。具有全国代表性的样本允许 对调查结果的概括。纵向设计加强了因果推理，便于评估 随着时间的推移，态度和行为意图的变化，以及影响这种变化的因素。 我们建议的研究结果将向政策制定者和整个社会通报 这一问题的紧迫性可以促进制定减少种族主义和仇外心理的倡议，以实现 少数族裔。我们关于少数民族在大流行期间和之后经历的历史的数据将提供重要的 关于少数群体在社会时期和社会后的脆弱性和复原力的政策和研究信息 危机。特别是，适度分析将有助于公共政策，因为它们有助于确定因素 这可以被用来减少工作场所和社会环境中的种族主义和仇外心理。

Prejudices and Discrimination Toward Asians and Hispanics During and After COVID-19 Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to growing concerns of racism and xenophobia. Results from our nationally representative online survey experiment of 5,000 Americans, conducted in August 2020, show that, when reminded of the adversities of COVID-19, respondents reported heightened prejudice and discrimination toward ethnic minorities, particularly Asians and Hispanics. The ensuing questions are: will such racism and xenophobia abate when the society and economy return to normal, what mechanisms will moderate changes in racist attitudes, and what are the implications of these attitudinal shifts for the well-being of minorities? We propose to investigate these questions with longitudinal data collection and analyses. Specifically, we will collect a second wave of nationally representative online survey experiment to study changes in prejudice and discrimination against minorities as the nation recovers from COVID-19. Further, we will study the economic and psychological well-being of minority groups before, during, and after COVID-19 using our survey data, which includes a new module of retrospective measures for an oversample of minority groups. At the theoretical level, our project adds to theories of racism and inter-group relations by examining (i) insecurities and threats triggered by the pandemic and their impacts on attitudes and behavioral orientations toward minorities; (ii) the abatement of these prejudices and discrimination as the society recovers; (iii) the factors that moderate the abatement process; and (iv) the economic and psychological effects of COVID-19 on minority groups using retrospective history data starting a year prior to the pandemic. At the empirical level, this project builds on a nationally representative longitudinal online survey experiment conducted during and after the pandemic, which is a novel contribution. The nationally representative sample allows for generalization of the findings. The longitudinal design strengthens causal inference and facilitates assessment of changes in attitudes and behavioral intent over time, and factors shaping such change. Findings from our proposed research will inform policymakers and the society at large about the extent and urgency of the issue that can facilitate the development of initiatives to reduce racism and xenophobia toward minorities. Our data on histories of minority experiences during and after the pandemic will provide important information for policy and research on the vulnerabilities and resilience of minorities during and post-societal crises. In particular, the moderation analyses will be beneficial for public policies as they help identify factors that can be leveraged to reduce racism and xenophobia in workplace and social settings.