Music Training, Bilingualism and Executive Functioning

音乐训练、双语和执行功能

• 批准号: 10016842
• 负责人: Assal Habibi
• 金额: $ 20.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10016842
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affective; Age; Attention; Auditory; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cerebral hemisphere; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cognitive; Communities; Corpus Callosum; Decision Making; Development; Diffusion; Disadvantaged; Economic Factors; Education; Educational Curriculum; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Evaluation; Event-Related Potentials; Funding; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hand; Impulsive Behavior; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Left; Life; Longevity; Los Angeles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory; Methods; Motor; Motor Cortex; Music; Neighborhoods; Neuronal Plasticity; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Population; Privatization; Process; Public Policy; Resources; Role; Route; School-Age Population; Schools; Sensory; Structure; System; Task Performances; Thinking; Training; Visual; Well in self; base; behavior measurement; bilingualism; cognitive capacity; cognitive control; cognitive development; cohesion; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; experimental group; experimental study; flexibility; frontal lobe; improved; information processing; instrument; interest; language processing; low socioeconomic status; musician; negative affect; neural network; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; programs; recruit; relating to nervous system; sensorimotor system; sensory cortex; skill acquisition; skills; socioeconomics; sound; support network

1 The proposed study aims to investigate the effects of music training on the development of executive function 2 skills (EF) in a population of school-age children, from under-resourced communities of Los Angeles. Executive 3 function (EF) refers to a number of core cognitive capacities that allows the coordination of thoughts, decision 4 making and planning. Development of these skills is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to 5 well-being throughout the life span. There is particular interest in EF skills in children, given the considerable 6 brain and cognitive developments associated with this period of life. Furthermore, low socio-economic status 7 on its own may affect negatively the course of EF development. On the other hand, children from these 8 disadvantaged communities have been shown to benefit the most from any intervention that has the potential 9 to improve EF. Playing music is a task that engages many different brain regions; it requires the concurrent 10 recruitment of distinct sensory and motor systems and their interplay with the attention and affective systems. 11 Learning to play a musical instrument requires mastering abilities related to EF such as auditory working 12 memory, motor inhibition and cognitive flexibility and has been suggested to benefit EF. Two groups will be 13 recruited to participate in the proposed study: the experimental group will be monolingual, native English- 14 speaking children, ages 9-11, from under-resourced communities of South and Central Los Angeles, who have 15 had 2 years of music training with YOLA, a community-based free music education program. The comparison 16 group will consist of children of the same age, from the same neighborhoods and socio-economic background, 17 also monolingual, who did not have any previous experience of music training. Electrophysiological (EEG), 18 neuroimaging (MRI) and behavioral probes will be used to assess the impact of music training on EF and its 19 neural underpinnings. The findings from this study will provide answers to the ongoing discussion about 20 music’s role in childhood education curricula, especially in underprivileged communities for whom access to 21 private or out of school music education is limited, or none. By focusing on these communities, our findings will 22 address a gap in the knowledge of child development and may serve to guide more effective public policies. 23 In addition, under separate funding, we are evaluating the effects of music training, also with YOLA, in a 24 bilingual child population from the same socio-economic background, using the same approach. We will 25 compare the results from the two studies. Like music training, bilingualism has also been shown to have 26 positive influence on EF development. However, it is not clear whether these two learning experiences 27 influence EF similarly, or through distinct mechanisms. Comparison of the results obtained here in monolingual 28 children with those obtained in the parallel bilingual group will allow the evaluation of the developmental effects 29 of these two learning experiences. It will also allow the understanding of the differences, or similarities, of 30 cognitive and brain development in children living in under-resourced urban communities. 1

1本研究旨在探讨音乐训练对执行功能发展的影响 2技能（EF）在学龄儿童的人口，从资源不足的社区洛杉矶。执行 3功能（EF）是指一些核心认知能力，允许协调思想，决策， 四是规划与设计。这些技能的发展越来越被认为是一个重要的贡献， 5、一生幸福。鉴于儿童的EF技能相当重要， 6大脑和认知发展与这一时期的生活。此外，社会经济地位低下 7本身可能会对EF的发展产生负面影响。另一方面，来自这些国家的儿童 8个弱势社区已被证明从任何有潜力的干预措施中受益最多。 9、提高EF。演奏音乐是一项涉及许多不同大脑区域的任务;它需要同时 10招募不同的感觉和运动系统及其与注意力和情感系统的相互作用。 11学习演奏乐器需要掌握与EF相关的能力，例如听觉工作 12记忆，运动抑制和认知灵活性，并已被认为有利于EF。两组将在 招募13人参加拟议的研究：实验组将是单语，母语是英语- 14名9-11岁的儿童，来自洛杉矶南部和中部资源不足的社区， 15人参加了为期两年的YOLA音乐培训，这是一个以社区为基础的免费音乐教育计划。比较 16个小组将由年龄相同、来自相同社区和社会经济背景的儿童组成， 17人也是单语，他们以前没有任何音乐培训经验。电生理学（EEG）， 18神经影像学（MRI）和行为探针将用于评估音乐训练对EF及其 19神经基础。这项研究的结果将为正在进行的关于以下问题的讨论提供答案： 20音乐在儿童教育课程中的作用，特别是在贫困社区， 21私立或校外音乐教育有限，或没有。通过关注这些社区，我们的发现将 22.解决儿童发展知识方面的差距，并可能有助于指导更有效的公共政策。 23此外，在单独的资助下，我们正在评估音乐培训的效果，也与YOLA合作， 24个来自相同社会经济背景的双语儿童人口，采用相同的方法。我们将 25比较两项研究的结果。像音乐训练一样，双语能力也被证明具有 26对EF发展的积极影响。然而，目前尚不清楚这两个学习经验是否 27影响EF类似，或通过不同的机制。比较这里获得的单语结果 28名儿童与那些在平行双语组获得的将允许评价的发展影响 29这两个学习经验。它还将允许理解的差异，或相似之处， 30生活在资源不足的城市社区的儿童的认知和大脑发育。 1