Improving Diagnostic Accuracy for Older Emergency Department Patients with Suspected Pneumonia: The Role of Diagnostic Criteria and Novel Antimicrobial Peptides

提高急诊室老年疑似肺炎患者的诊断准确性：诊断标准和新型抗菌肽的作用

• 批准号: 10017138
• 负责人: Katherine Hunold Buck
• 金额: $ 11.7万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10017138
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Acute; Admission activity; Adult; Affect; Age; Americas; Antibiotics; Biological Markers; Blood Circulation; Brain natriuretic peptide; Caring; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Data; Defensins; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Dyspnea; Elderly; Elements; Emergency Department Physician; Emergency Department patient; Emergency department visit; Failure; Future; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Human; Human Characteristics; Infection; Innate Immune System; Inpatients; Length of Stay; Life; Morality; Morbidity - disease rate; Natural Immunity; Nursing Homes; Observational Study; Outcome; Patients; Penicillins; Performance; Physicians; Pneumonia; Population; Process; Publishing; Reporting; Risk stratification; Roentgen Rays; Role; Savings; Sensitivity and Specificity; Societies; Specificity; Symptoms; Testing; Thoracic Radiography; Treatment Side Effects; Uncertainty; Work; accurate diagnosis; acute care; antimicrobial peptide; base; beta-Defensins; cost; design; diagnostic accuracy; human old age (65+); imaging study; improved; improved outcome; mortality; novel; potential biomarker; predictive modeling; prevent; procalcitonin; prospective; readmission rates; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Pneumonia is currently diagnosed in over half a million U.S. emergency department (ED) visits by older adults each year with an ICU admission rate of 16% and 30-day mortality as high as 16%. However, we and others have found that the accurate diagnosis of pneumonia in ED older adults is inaccurate; emergency physician diagnostic uncertainty is present in 31% of patients, disagreement with inpatient physician occurs in ≥47% of patients, and emergency physicians report they are uncomfortable diagnosing pneumonia in this population and they do not follow published guidelines. Under-diagnosis then leads to failure to treat and over- diagnosis exposes patients to treatment side effects and potential failure to treat the correct diagnosis. Emergency physician diagnostic uncertainty leads to increased admission rates, hospital length of stay, re- admission rates, and death within one year. We have found that dyspneic older adults are disproportionately affected by these challenges as 47% have pneumonia, CHF or COPD (the three most common causes of dyspnea) vs. 20% of younger patients. Therefore, improving emergency department pneumonia diagnosis accuracy specifically in older adults should be a priority. Biomarker testing has improved diagnostic accuracy in some causes of dyspnea in older adults (e.g. brain natriuretic peptide in acute CHF) and could improve pneumonia diagnosis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key effectors of the innate immune system which increase with infection and can be excreted into the bloodstream in pneumonia. Our preliminary data suggests that two AMPs, Human -Defensin 5 (HD5) and Human -Defensin-2 (HBD2), are increased in dyspneic older ED adults with pneumonia. Further study is required to confirm these findings and determine their role in improving pneumonia diagnosis or to supplement current approaches as part of a clinical decision rule. This project seeks to (Aim #1) examine the existing risk stratification tools developed for other settings (Loeb Criteria, McGeer criteria, Centers for Disease Control, etc.) for their applicability to the ED setting alone and in combination with (Aim #2) antimicrobial peptides to improve diagnostic accuracy. If successful, this proposal will either identify an existing diagnostic tool that can be used in the ED or inform a future study to develop an ED-specific diagnostic tool.

项目总结/文摘