Technology Research and Development Project 3 (Characterizing and Modifying Cortical Processes)

神经系统疾病影响着美国和世界各地数百万人。更好地理解 由精确的脑部定向电刺激引起的短期变化和持续变化 网络可以带来改进这些疾病的诊断和治疗的新技术。 使用脑表面皮层脑电(ECoG)电极的颅内记录/刺激技术 和/或深度电极(立体脑成像(SEEG))提供了一种在空间和时间上 精确的记录和刺激，但目前的刺激方案主要基于试错法，因此 很可能是次优的。要最大限度地利用ECoG/SEEG，需要设计自适应记录的能力。 ING/刺激方案，诱导特定的ficfi脑过程中潜在的行为变化。这个 这里提出的工作将通过创建一种基于刺激的系统来满足这一需求，该系统可以映射皮质/皮质下 并能对这些网络进行调制，从而恢复大脑功能。 T&D3的S的长期目标是开发和迭代优化新一代自适应神经技术， 可以在大脑网络中引入可预测的变化，并在临床上测试这些技术对fi的影响 减轻中风等神经系统疾病的破坏性影响。为了实现这一目标，tr&d3有两个目标 Speific目标： 目标1.建立由电产生的网络活动和由此产生的行为的短期变化 刺激。目标1包括两项研究。fi的第一项研究将使用电刺激来确定哪些和 脑网络如何通过电刺激特定的fic位置而被激活。第二项研究将确定 电刺激产生的输入如何与大脑皮层兴奋性的时刻变化相互作用 产生人口层面的反应。 目的2.建立电刺激引起的网络活动的持续性改变。fiFirst研究 将决定刺激诱导的变化在多大程度上改变短期和长期的行为。这个 第二项研究将评估这些变化对刺激幅度的依赖性。 这两个目标将产生基于刺激的功能成像系统。验证和优化这部小说 系统，TR&D3将与加州大学(伯克利)的科学家进行两个合作项目 在麻省理工学院。这些合作将共同确立新的基于刺激的 功能成像系统。 通过实现这些目标，tr&d3应该会对电刺激如何产生产生新的理解。 大脑功能的短期和持续变化。它还应该创造一个新的临床系统，可以绘制出 大脑网络，并可以针对特定的fic有益的功能变化。因此，这项工作应该会增加科学性fic 了解并加强对一系列神经疾病的治疗。

Neurological disorders affect millions of people in the United States and worldwide. Better understanding of the short-term changes and the persistent changes that result from precisely targeted electrical stimulation of brain networks can lead to novel technologies that improve diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Intracranial recording/stimulation techniques using electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes on the brain surface and/or depth electrodes (stereoencephalography (SEEG)) provide a powerful method for spatially and temporally precise recording and stimulation, but current stimulation protocols are based largely on trial-and-error and thus are probably suboptimal. Taking optimal advantage of ECoG/SEEG requires the ability to design adaptive record- ing/stimulation protocols that induce specific beneficial changes in the brain processes underlying behavior. The work proposed here will address this need by creating a stimulation-based system that can map cortical/subcortical functional networks and can modulate these networks so as to restore brain function. TR&D3's long-term goal is to develop and iteratively optimize a new generation of adaptive neurotechnologies that can introduce predictable changes in brain networks, and to clinically test the efficacy of those technologies for alleviating the devastating effects of neurological disorders such as stroke. To achieve this goal, TR&D3 has two Specific Aims: Aim 1. To establish the short-term changes in network activity and resulting behavior that are produced by electrical stimulation. Aim 1 comprises two studies. The first study will use electrical stimulation to establish which and how brain networks are activated by electrical stimulation of specific locations. The second study will determine how input produced by electrical stimulation interacts with moment-by-moment variations in cortical excitability to produce population-level responses. Aim 2. To establish the persistent changes to network activity resulting from electrical stimulation. The first study will determine to what extent stimulus-induced changes modify behavior in the short term and the long-term. The second study will assess the dependence of these changes on stimulus amplitude. These two aims will produce a stimulation-based functional imaging system. To validate and optimize this novel system, TR&D3 will engage in two collaborative projects with scientists at the University of California (Berkeley) and at MIT. Together, these collaborations will establish the effectiveness and value of the new stimulation-based functional imaging system. By accomplishing these aims, TR&D3 should produce new understanding of how electrical stimulation produces short-term and persistent changes in brain function. It should also create a new clinical system that can map brain networks and can target specific beneficial changes in function. Thus, this work should increase scientific understanding and enhance treatment for a range of neurological disorders.