General Purpose Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) System

通用脑机接口（BCI）系统

• 批准号: 8131412
• 负责人: GERWIN SCHALK
• 金额: $ 47.97万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-20 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8131412
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Algorithms; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Area; Base of the Brain; Beta Rhythm; Biocompatible; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Brain Stem Infarctions; Caregivers; Cerebral Palsy; Chronic; Clinical; Communication; Computer software; Development; Disabled Persons; Discipline; EP300 gene; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Environment; Evaluation; Evoked Potentials; Family; Family Caregiver; Generations; Goals; Grant; Home environment; Human; Intensive Care Units; Internet; Laboratories; Life; Location; Mails; Methods; Motor; Movement; Mus; Muscle; Neuromuscular Diseases; Paralysed; Performance; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Safety; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord injury; Staging; Structure; Sum; System; Technology; Telemetry; Testing; Time; Translations; Validation; Wheelchairs; Word Processing; Work; Writing; base; brain computer interface; computerized data processing; design; disability; flexibility; implantation; improved; multidisciplinary; neuromuscular; neuroprosthesis; operation; programs; prototype; public health relevance; research and development; research clinical testing; robotic device; transmission process; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Signals from the brain can provide non-muscular communication and control channels, or brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), to people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, cerebral palsy, or spinal cord injury. BCIs can allow people who are severely paralyzed, or even "locked in," to use brain signals to write, communicate with others, control their environments, access the Internet, or operate neuroprostheses. The realization of clinically useful BCI systems requires work in three areas: (1) acquisition of brain signals; (2) signal processing; and (3) clinical implementation. Because these areas involve very different disciplines, research groups usually focus on only one area. Thus, at the beginning of this BRP, despite the exciting achievements of researchers around the world, the field had progressed only to the point of laboratory demonstrations, in large part because achievements in one area were not integrated with those in others. In the past grant period, this BRP changed that landscape. First, it developed and disseminated to more than 160 research groups a general-purpose BCI software platform, called BCI2000, that facilitates all aspects of interdisciplinary BCI research and development, from laboratory to home. Furthermore, it used BCI2000 to develop the first BCI system designed for independent home use, and successfully tested this prototype in long-term home use by a small group of people severely disabled by ALS. Building on this work, the goal of this renewal proposal is to establish the first vertically-integrated BCI research and development program, and use it to produce BCI systems that are fully practical for independent use in clinical and home settings. The proposed program extends from signal acquisition, to signal processing, to application development and clinical implementation. By including and coordinating the activities and achievements in these different areas, this program will create and validate the first BCI systems suitable for widespread independent use by people with severe motor disabilities. Each BRP partner is in the forefront of one or more of the essential research areas, from hardware design to clinical testing. In limited ways, they already collaborate with one another. Working closely together and implementing new ideas, they will: (1) improve signal acquisition by developing more reliable, robust, and convenient chronic methods for recording electroencephalographic activity (EEG) and for exploring the BCI capabilities of electrocorticography (ECoG); (2) optimize adaptive feature extraction and translation algorithms for these signals; and (3) incorporate the results into BCI systems that are fully practical for home and clinical settings and establish the value of these systems for daily use by people with severe motor disabilities. By achieving these aims, disseminating the resulting technology, and providing other researchers access to its vertically-integrated framework, this BRP program should enable BCI research to produce BCIs that actually improve the lives of people with severe motor disabilities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can restore communication and control to people severely paralyzed or even "locked-in" by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, cerebral palsy, or other devastating neuromuscular disorders. The goal of this Bioengineering Research Partnership proposal is to establish the first comprehensive BCI research and development program and use it to produce the first BCI systems suitable for widespread independent home use by people with severe motor disabilities.

描述（由申请人提供）： 来自大脑的信号可以为肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、脑干中风、脑瘫或脊髓损伤患者提供非肌肉通信和控制通道，或脑机接口（BCI）。脑机接口可以让严重瘫痪的人，甚至是“被锁定”的人，使用大脑信号来写作，与他人交流，控制他们的环境，访问互联网或操作神经假体。临床上有用的BCI系统的实现需要在三个方面的工作：（1）大脑信号的采集;（2）信号处理;和（3）临床实施。由于这些领域涉及非常不同的学科，研究小组通常只关注一个领域。因此，在BRP开始时，尽管世界各地的研究人员取得了令人兴奋的成就，但该领域仅发展到实验室演示的地步，这在很大程度上是因为一个领域的成就没有与其他领域的成就相结合。在过去的赠款期间，这个BRP改变了这一局面。首先，它开发并向160多个研究小组分发了一个通用BCI软件平台，称为BCI 2000，该平台促进了从实验室到家庭的跨学科BCI研究和开发的各个方面。此外，它使用BCI 2000开发了第一个专为独立家庭使用而设计的BCI系统，并成功地测试了一小群严重残疾的ALS患者在长期家庭使用中的原型。在这项工作的基础上，这项更新提案的目标是建立第一个垂直整合的BCI研发计划，并利用它来生产完全实用的BCI系统，可在临床和家庭环境中独立使用。拟议的计划从信号采集扩展到信号处理，再到应用程序开发和临床实施。通过包括和协调这些不同领域的活动和成就，该计划将创建和验证第一个适合严重运动障碍者广泛独立使用的BCI系统。每个BRP合作伙伴都处于一个或多个基本研究领域的最前沿，从硬件设计到临床测试。在有限的方式，他们已经相互合作。他们将密切合作并实施新的想法：（1）通过开发更可靠，更强大，更方便的记录脑电图活动（EEG）和探索脑皮层电描记术（ECoG）的BCI功能的长期方法来改善信号采集;（2）优化这些信号的自适应特征提取和翻译算法;以及（3）将结果整合到完全适用于家庭和临床环境的BCI系统中，并建立这些系统对于患有严重运动障碍的人的日常使用的价值。通过实现这些目标，传播所产生的技术，并为其他研究人员提供其垂直整合框架，该BRP计划应使BCI研究能够产生实际改善严重运动障碍患者生活的BCI。公共卫生相关性脑机接口（BCI）可以恢复因肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、脑干中风、脑瘫或其他破坏性神经肌肉疾病而严重瘫痪甚至“锁定”的人的通信和控制。这项生物工程研究合作计划的目标是建立第一个全面的BCI研究和开发计划，并利用它来生产第一个适合严重运动障碍者广泛独立家庭使用的BCI系统。