Non-invasive Radio Frequency Stimulation of Neurons and Networks

摘要 在健康和疾病中对大脑进行非渗透性刺激是大脑倡议的一个重要目标。当前 方法包括经颅磁刺激(TMS)、经颅电刺激(TES)和 经颅聚焦超声刺激(TFUS)。扰动效应的机理还不是很清楚。 明白了。我们假设经颅射频刺激(TRF；900 MHz到几GHz)， 当使用合适的频率、功率和刺激方案时，可以提供安全的实验和临床 该工具可以结合现有非侵入性摄动方法的优点和潜在的更少的侧面 效果。我们建议研究膜、单单元、电路和电路的修饰机制 TRF。 我们设计了一系列实验来检验射频刺激的非热、电场诱导效应 表现为啮齿动物，目标是建立刺激模式和射频功率的安全边际，以实现有效 使用最先进的光学和大规模技术，在单个神经元和电路水平上驱动神经元活动 电生理和电子技术与射频效应的建模相结合。第一个目标是 建立均匀射频场的安全参数，可以有效地夹带大脑皮层和皮质下 即使在长期暴露后，没有或可以忽略热效应的神经元。第二，排除任何潜在的 非热性伪影(如耳蜗性或“脑中金属”效应)和其他外周因素 效果。第三个重要的里程碑是确定参与射频诱发场的膜通道 效果。最后，我们将通过使用定向作用来检验射频刺激的空间聚焦效应 天线(S)。该项目的可行性得到了广泛的初步调查结果的支持。我们的数据和知识- 将如何提供给合格的研究人员。TRFs将促进发现科学及其未来的人类 应用有望成为治疗多发性精神疾病和神经疾病的宝贵手段 条件。 好了！ 好了！

Abstract Nonivasive stimulation of the brain in health and disease is an important goal of the Brain Initiative. Current methods include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Transcranial Electric Stimulation (TES) and Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (TFUS). The mechanisms of the perturbation effects are not well understood. We hypothesize that Transcranial Radio Frequency Stimulation (TRFS; 900 MHz to few GHz), when using appropriate frequency, power and stimulation regimes, can offer a safe experimental and clinical tool that can combine advantages of the existing noninvasive perturbation methods with potentially fewer side effects. We propose to examine the membrane, single unit, circuit, and circuit modification mechanism of TRFS. We designed a set of experiments to examine non-thermal, electric field-induced effects of RF stimulation in behaving rodents, with the goal of establishing safe margins of stimulation patterns and RF power for effective driving of neuronal activity at the single neuron and circuit levels, using state-of-the-art optical and large-scale electrophysiological and electronic techniques combined with modeling of RF effects. The first goal is to establish safe parameters of homogeneous RF fields, which can effectively entrain cortical and subcortical neurons with no or negligible thermal effects even after long-term exposure. Second, exclude any potential non-thermal artifacts (such as cochlear-mediated or 'metal-in-the-brain' effects) and other periphery-mediated effects. The third important milestone is to identify the membrane channels involved in the RF-induced field effects. Finally, we will examine the spatially focused effects of RF stimulation by using directionally acting antenna(s). The feasibility of the project is supported by extensive preliminary findings. Our data and know- how will be made available to qualified researchers. TRFS will facilitate discovery science and its future human application is expected to become invaluable in the treatment of multiple psychiatric and neurological conditions. ! !