Neurogenetics of Vision

视觉神经遗传学 项目摘要 遗传学，特别是基于遗传的方法，如转基因和病毒，使研究人员 在视网膜和大脑中所需的神经元组中表达感兴趣的蛋白质，对于使 现代基础视觉神经科学的进展和对视觉障碍的治疗。过去十年 已经提出了一个广泛而强大的遗传工具库，用于识别组成视觉神经元的神经元。 苍蝇和啮齿动物的系统。因为它们能够递送广泛的基因货物，所以这些工具还允许 用于选择性操作感兴趣的细胞。事实上，与十年前相比， 直接在体内标记给定的细胞类型，从而使其独特的形态可视化，然后比较 它可以将细胞定位到不同类型的其他细胞，选择性地将它们作为电生理学、钙或电压染料成像的目标， 然后可逆地沉默或激活它们。最后但并非最不重要的是，可以利用遗传工具来探索 存在于不同细胞类型中RNA表达的特征模式，以探测它们在不同细胞类型中的同源性。 物种和/或与人类疾病相关的突变的相关性。

NEUROGENETICS OF VISION PROJECT SUMMARY Genetics and in particular, genetic-based approaches such as transgenes and viruses that enable researchers to express proteins of interest in desired sets of neurons in the retina and brain, are pivotal to make significant progress in modern basic visual neuroscience and toward the treatment of visual disorders. The last decade has brought forth a wide and powerful arsenal of genetic tools for identifying the neurons that comprise the visual system of flies and rodents. Because they enable delivery of a wide range of gene cargo, such tools also allow for selective manipulation of cells of interest. Indeed, in comparison to just a decade ago, nowadays it is straightforward to label a given cell type in vivo, and thereby visualize its unique morphology, and then compare it to other cells of different types, selectivity target them for electrophysiology, calcium- or voltage-dye imaging, and then reversibly silence or activate them. Last but not least, genetic tools can be leveraged to explore the signature pattern of RNA expression present in different cell types in order to probe their homology across species and/or relevance to mutations associated with human diseases.