Drug Consumption Trends and Take Back Program Indicators: A wastewater-based approach in Washington State

项目概要/摘要 该项目建议监测人口中非法药物和处方类阿片的消费趋势， 在华盛顿州的六个城市的水平超过三年的时间。这项研究与其他两项主要研究重叠。 事件：1）启动全州范围的药物回收计划和2）2020年人口普查。这是全国第一次 全州范围的药物回收计划旨在减少处方阿片类药物滥用，并减少环境污染。 污染.废水提供了一个很好的方法来提供一个指标的有效性， 程序.处方阿片类药物及其代谢物将作为三年监测的一部分进行测量 氢可酮/去甲氢可酮（代谢产物）的变化将用作回收计划 指标.将使用氢可酮及其代谢物，因为它是高度处方，高度浪费， 被缉毒局推荐用冲水的方式处理以水为基础的人口药物管理办法 消费包括许多数据输入，人口是最大的不确定性来源。该项目将 识别和监测废水中反映人口状况的化合物。这些人口的水平 废水中的生物标志物（药物和食品添加剂）将用于开发更准确的帐户， 有助于废水样本的人口规模，从而提高人均消费量 估算这些人口标志物的水平将根据2020年人口普查数据和动态趋势进行验证 将使用移动终端数据对人群进行评价。因此，这些群体生物标志物将提供 项目的非法药物和处方类阿片三年消费趋势以及最新和可靠的人均消费量 数据

Project Summary/Abstract This project proposes to monitor illicit drug and prescription opioid consumption trends at the population level in six cities in Washington State over a three year period. This study overlaps with two other major events: 1) the initiation of a state-wide drug take back program and 2) the 2020 census. This, first in the nation, statewide drug take-back program is aimed at reducing prescription opioid abuse and to reduce environmental contamination. Wastewater provides an excellent approach to provide an indicator of the effectiveness of this program. Prescription opioids and their metabolites will be measured as part of the three year monitoring program and the change in hydrocodone/norhydrocodone (metabolite) will be used as a take-back program indicator. Hydrocodone and its metabolite will be used because it is highly prescribed, highly wasted, and recommended by the DEA for disposal by flushing. Wastewater-based approaches to population level drug consumption include many data inputs with population being the largest source of uncertainty. This project will identify and monitor compounds in wastewater that reflect human populations. Levels of these population biomarkers (drugs and food additives) in wastewater will be used to develop a more accurate account of the population size contributing to the wastewater sample and thus to develop better per capita consumption estimates. Levels of these population markers will be validated with 2020 census data and the dynamic trends in populations will be evaluated with mobile device data. These population biomarkers will thus provide the project’s illicit drug and prescription opioid three-year consumption trends with updated and reliable per capita data.