Using Sewers to Understand the Legalized Retail Sales Effects on Marijuana Consumption

利用下水道了解合法零售对大麻消费的影响

• 批准号: 8970208
• 负责人: DAN BURGARD
• 金额: $ 6.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8970208
• 关键词: Accounting; Acids; Address; Adult; Affect; Alaska; American; Biological Markers; Catchment Area; Cities; Collection; Colorado; Communities; Consumption; Data; District of Columbia; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Economic Models; Epidemiology; Freezing; Future; Geographic state; Goals; Health; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Illicit Drugs; Laws; Legal; Legal Status; Light; Liquid Chromatography; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Marketing; Measures; Medical Marijuana; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Oregon; Pattern; Perception; Period Analysis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plants; Population; Population Sizes; Production; Public Health; Records; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Science; Serotonin; Services; Surveys; Techniques; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Time; United States; Urine; Variant; Voting; Washington; analytical method; anthropogenesis; base; drug testing; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; meetings; tandem mass spectrometry; tool; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Marijuana is the most abused illicit drug in the United States with an estimated 17.4 million past-month users. There has been a rise in use by young people in the last 6 years with a diminished perception of the drug's risks being attributed to its rise, especially in light of the drug's legal status. In fact, a recent national poll shows that fo the first time a majority of Americans favor legalized marijuana. In the past two years, the states of Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, and the District of Columbia have legalized the adult use of recreational marijuana. This unprecedented step comes with no direct scientific data available to understand how these new recreational use laws will affect marijuana consumption and public health. This proposal aims to address the question of how the retail sales of recreational marijuana affect its consumption and usage trends within a community. While surveys are the most used tool in studying drug abuse, new methods have recently emerged that enable a more objective assessment of illicit drug consumption. The use of sewer-based drug epidemiology was first employed less than a decade ago but has been shown to be a valid and complementary technique with traditional drug use indicators. Raw influent to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) from a population with a known catchment area and specific geographic boundary can be used to analyze trends in drug use over time. We propose to measure 11-nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), the sewer available metabolite of the main active ingredient in marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) as well as also measure the anthropogenic population biomarker 5-hydroxyindoleacidic acid (5-HIAA). In Aim 1, we will develop and validate an analytical method to determine the concentration of THC-COOH and 5-HIAA in wastewater. In Aim 2, we will determine correlation between estimates of total population marijuana use from measured THC-COOH levels in wastewater and from the usage data obtained from surveys. In Aim 3, we will explore more specific usage trends with levels found in wastewater to determine temporal changes such as weekday vs. weekend use. In Aim 4, we will explore the contribution of the recreational retail market to the total marijuana market by comparing WA State records of the grams of THC sold within the WWTP's bounds to the total THC-COOH levels found in the wastewater. At the conclusion of these studies, we will provide a timely understanding of how the sales of adult recreational marijuana impact its use within a population. This data can be used by local, state, and national planners as they assess and consider Washington's recreational marijuana law, as well as provide baseline data for future longitudinal studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：Maritime是美国滥用最多的非法药物，估计上个月有1740万用户。在过去6年中，年轻人使用毒品的情况有所增加，特别是考虑到毒品的法律的地位，人们对毒品风险的认识有所降低。事实上，最近的一项全国民意调查显示，大多数美国人第一次赞成大麻合法化。在过去的两年里，科罗拉多、华盛顿、阿拉斯加、俄勒冈州和哥伦比亚特区等州已经将成人使用娱乐性大麻合法化。这一前所未有的举措没有直接的科学数据来了解这些新的娱乐使用法律将如何影响大麻消费和公共健康。该提案旨在解决娱乐大麻的零售如何影响其在社区内的消费和使用趋势的问题。虽然调查是研究药物滥用最常用的工具，但最近出现了新的方法，能够对非法药物消费进行更客观的评估。基于下水道的药物流行病学的使用是在不到十年前首次使用的，但已被证明是一种有效的补充技术，可与传统的药物使用指标相结合。来自具有已知集水区和特定地理边界的人口的废水处理厂（WWTP）的原始流入物可用于分析药物使用随时间的趋势。我们建议测量11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC-COOH），大麻中主要活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）的下水道可用代谢物，以及测量人类生物标志物5-羟基吲哚酸（5-HIAA）。在目标1中，我们将开发和验证一种分析方法，以测定废水中THC-COOH和5-HIAA的浓度。在目标2中，我们将确定从废水中测量的THC-COOH水平和从调查中获得的使用数据中估计的总人口大麻使用之间的相关性。在目标3中，我们将探索更具体的使用趋势与废水中发现的水平，以确定时间变化，如工作日与周末使用。在目标4中，我们将探讨娱乐零售市场对大麻总量的贡献 通过比较西澳州在污水处理厂范围内销售的四氢大麻酚克数记录和废水中发现的总四氢大麻酚-COOH水平，在这些研究的结论，我们将提供一个及时的了解如何成人娱乐大麻的销售影响其在人口中的使用。这些数据可以被地方，州和国家规划者使用，因为他们评估和考虑华盛顿的休闲大麻法，以及为未来的纵向研究提供基线数据。