Robust circuit computation in freely behaving animals.

项目摘要/摘要 睡眠对于所有的大脑功能乃至最终的生命都是必不可少的。睡眠有助于睡眠的核心功能 健康的认知仍然是神经科学面临的重大问题之一。最近的理论指出了强大的 细胞规则，但这些规则是有争议的，在行为学上很难解释睡眠的影响 和发育不同的环境。 我们最近表明，大脑皮质回路动力学主动调整到临界性，这是一种计算机制， 最大限度地提高信息处理能力。这一机制被突触强度的变化所扰乱，例如 被认为是典型的清醒体验。这提出了一种耐人寻味的可能性，即核心机制 睡眠通过恢复临界性而有益于神经功能。我们的初步实验支持这一假设。这个 这个项目的总体目标是开发一个新的框架来理解睡眠和睡眠对神经的影响 网络动态层面的经验。我们将持续追踪500-1000个大脑中的单个神经元 在长达六个月的时间内自由活动的动物。我们将跟踪睡眠、清醒、行为和神经动力学 自然发生的行为的整个分布。我们将利用这一方法集成的优势 了解大脑回路如何维持认知和大脑所需的稳定计算的方法 在长时间尺度上的自然行为。 在目标1中，我们将测试底层网络中特定行为类别与关键程度之间的关系。 在目标2中，我们将测试清醒和睡眠对动物大部分大脑的临界性的影响 一辈子。在目标3中，我们将使用基于模型的方法来建立完整的关键机制 大脑。这项工作的结果将揭示我们在基本知识方面长期存在的差距 神经生物学。鉴于越来越多的人认识到睡眠在大量与大脑相关的疾病中的作用，一个 了解睡眠是如何工作的，将为未来在健康方面取得重大进展打开大门。这 工作直接推进了大脑倡议的使命。

Project Summary/Abstract Sleep is necessary for all brain function and ultimately life. The core function by which sleep contributes to healthy cognition remains one of the great questions facing neuroscience. Recent theories point to powerful cellular rules, but these are controversial and have difficulty accounting for the effects of sleep in ethologically and developmentally diverse circumstances. We recently showed that cortical circuit dynamics are actively tuned to criticality, a computational regime that maximizes information processing. This regime is disrupted by changes in synaptic strength, such as those believed to typify waking experience. This raises the intriguing possibility that the core mechanism by which sleep benefits neural function is by restoring criticality. Our preliminary experiments support this hypothesis. The overall goal of this project is to develop a new framework for understanding the neural impact of sleep and experience at the level of network dynamics. We will continuously track 500-1000 single neurons in the brains of freely behaving animals for up to six months. We will track sleep, wake, behavior, and neural dynamics across the entire distribution of naturally occurring behavior. We will take advantage of this methodologically integrated approach to understand how circuits in the brain maintain the stable computation necessary for cognition and natural behavior on long time-scales. In Aim 1, we will test the relationship between specific classes of behavior and criticality in underlying networks. In Aim 2, we will test the impact of wake and sleep on criticality across the brain for the majority of an animal's lifetime. In Aim 3, we will use a modelling-based approach to establish the mechanisms of criticality in the intact brain. The results of this work will shed light on a long-standing gap in our knowledge of fundamental neurobiology. Given the increasingly recognized role of sleep in a vast number of brain-related disorders, an understanding of how sleep works will open the door to significant health-related progress in the future. This work directly advances the mission of the BRAIN Initiative.