Robust circuit computation in freely behaving animals.

项目总结/摘要 睡眠对大脑的所有功能都是必要的，最终是生命。睡眠的核心功能是 健康认知仍然是神经科学面临的重大问题之一。最近的理论指出， 细胞规则，但这些都是有争议的，并难以解释睡眠的影响，在行为学上 和不同的发展环境。 我们最近表明，皮质回路动态积极调整到临界状态，这是一种计算机制， 最大化信息处理。这种机制被突触强度的变化所破坏，例如 被认为代表了清醒的经历。这就提出了一种有趣的可能性， 睡眠有益于神经功能是通过恢复临界状态。我们的初步实验支持这一假设。的 该项目的总体目标是开发一个新的框架来理解睡眠对神经的影响， 网络动态层面的经验。我们将持续跟踪大脑中500-1000个单个神经元 自由活动的动物长达六个月。我们将跟踪睡眠，觉醒，行为和神经动力学， 自然行为的整个分布。我们将利用这种方法论上的综合优势， 了解大脑回路如何维持认知所需的稳定计算的方法， 长时间的自然行为。 在目标1中，我们将测试底层网络中特定行为类别与关键性之间的关系。 在目标2中，我们将测试清醒和睡眠对大多数动物大脑临界状态的影响。 辈子在目标3中，我们将使用基于模型的方法来建立完整的 个脑袋这项工作的结果将揭示我们对基础知识的长期差距。 神经生物学鉴于睡眠在大量与大脑有关的疾病中的作用越来越被认识到， 了解睡眠是如何工作的，将为未来与健康相关的重大进展打开大门。这 工作直接推进了BRAIN计划的使命。

Project Summary/Abstract Sleep is necessary for all brain function and ultimately life. The core function by which sleep contributes to healthy cognition remains one of the great questions facing neuroscience. Recent theories point to powerful cellular rules, but these are controversial and have difficulty accounting for the effects of sleep in ethologically and developmentally diverse circumstances. We recently showed that cortical circuit dynamics are actively tuned to criticality, a computational regime that maximizes information processing. This regime is disrupted by changes in synaptic strength, such as those believed to typify waking experience. This raises the intriguing possibility that the core mechanism by which sleep benefits neural function is by restoring criticality. Our preliminary experiments support this hypothesis. The overall goal of this project is to develop a new framework for understanding the neural impact of sleep and experience at the level of network dynamics. We will continuously track 500-1000 single neurons in the brains of freely behaving animals for up to six months. We will track sleep, wake, behavior, and neural dynamics across the entire distribution of naturally occurring behavior. We will take advantage of this methodologically integrated approach to understand how circuits in the brain maintain the stable computation necessary for cognition and natural behavior on long time-scales. In Aim 1, we will test the relationship between specific classes of behavior and criticality in underlying networks. In Aim 2, we will test the impact of wake and sleep on criticality across the brain for the majority of an animal's lifetime. In Aim 3, we will use a modelling-based approach to establish the mechanisms of criticality in the intact brain. The results of this work will shed light on a long-standing gap in our knowledge of fundamental neurobiology. Given the increasingly recognized role of sleep in a vast number of brain-related disorders, an understanding of how sleep works will open the door to significant health-related progress in the future. This work directly advances the mission of the BRAIN Initiative.