Using gravity to perceive, move and orient

利用重力来感知、移动和定向

• 批准号: 10056192
• 负责人: Dora Angelaki
• 金额: $ 71.33万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-06 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10056192
• 关键词: Acceleration; Action Research; Affect; Aging; Agonist; American; Anatomy; Animals; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Body Image; Brain; Cells; Cerebellar vermis structure; Code; Cues; Darkness; Data; Deceleration; Discrimination; Elderly; Equilibrium; Excision; Financial compensation; Force of Gravity; Functional disorder; Generations; Gravitation; Gravity Perception; Head; Health; Human; Injury; Laws; Learning; Life; Light; Link; Macaca; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Motion; Motor; Movement; Muscimol; Muscle; Nature; Navigation System; Neural Pathways; Organ; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Planet Earth; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Property; Recovery; Reporting; Robotics; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Space Flight; System; Technology; Testing; Thalamic structure; Training; Vestibular Diseases; Visual; Work; arm; arm movement; base; behavior test; body position; experimental study; falls; healthy aging; kinematics; labyrinthectomy; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuromechanism; neurotransmission; novel strategies; performance tests; posture instability; receptor; recruit; relating to nervous system; sensory input; somatosensory; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY Accurate perception of the body’s orientation in the world is central to everyday life, as balance problems are common and serious, especially in older adults. Computational theory proposes that this ability requires the brain to learn and store an internal representation of gravity that can be used for perception and action, and research has shown that this model is based on visual, somatosensory, and vestibular signals. The proposed experiments investigate the contribution of the vestibular system to the generation of this internal model and test whether the same neural mechanisms provide the gravitational information used for perception and action. In Aim 1, macaques will be trained to visually discriminate the earth-vertical orientation while they are in random head/body tilt positions and then behaviorally tested after bilateral removal of the vestibular organs. If this manipulation abolishes the ability to perform this task at tilted positions, that will indicate that vestibular information is critical for the internal model of gravity. This aim will also examine how visual orientation discrimination adapts to vestibular receptor loss by recruiting extra-vestibular sensory cues, such as somatosensation, and whether active training is necessary for this compensation. Aim 2 will examine how gravity-dependent vestibular information affects motor function by measuring arm kinematics and muscle activity from agonist and antagonist muscles before and after bilateral removal of vestibular inputs. This aim will also measure adaptation after vestibular injury and the role of training in this compensation. Aim 3 will distinguish whether these gravity effects on perception and action are mediated by a shared thalamocortical pathway by probing for deficits in the tasks of Aims 1 and 2 during reversible inactivation of the anterior thalamus, where gravity-tuned cells have been reported. Taken together, these experiments are important for understanding the multisensory influences of gravity on perception and action, as well as the underlying neural circuits, and for revealing how motor learning can aid recovery from vestibular dysfunction.

项目摘要 对世界上人体定位的准确看法对于日常生活至关重要，因为平衡问题是 常见和严重，尤其是在老年人中。计算理论提出了这种能力需要 大脑学习和存储可用于感知和动作的重力的内部表示，以及 研究表明，该模型基于视觉，体感和前庭信号。提议 实验研究了前庭系统对这种内部模型的产生的贡献 测试相同的神经机制是否提供用于感知和作用的重力信息。 在AIM 1中，猕猴将在视觉上进行视觉歧视地球垂直方向。 双侧切除前庭器官后，随机的头部/身体倾斜位置，然后在行为测试。如果 这种操纵废除了在倾斜位置执行此任务的能力，这将表明前庭 信息对于重力内部模型至关重要。这个目标还将检查视觉方向 歧视通过招募外部视觉感官提示来适应前庭接收器损失 体质，以及是否需要积极培训才能获得这种补偿。 AIM 2将检查如何 重力依赖性前庭信息通过测量手臂运动学和肌肉影响运动功能 双侧去除前后输入之前和之后，动力学和拮抗剂的活性。这个目标 还将测量前庭损伤后的适应性和训练在该补偿中的作用。目标3意志 区分这些重力对感知和作用是否由共享的丘脑皮质介导 通过探测在前1和2的任务中定义在前1和2的任务中 丘脑，报告了重力调节的细胞。综上所述，这些实验对于 了解重力对感知和动作的多感官影响以及潜在的中性 电路，并揭示运动学习如何有助于从前庭功能障碍中恢复。