Impaired Astroglial Glutamate Signaling in Rett Syndrome
Impaired Astroglial Glutamate Signaling in Rett Syndrome
批准号:
10116102
负责人:
Wei Li
金额:
$40.84万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2020-09-30 至 2024-08-31
关键词:
Adrenergic alpha-AntagonistsAffectAstrocytesBehaviorBehavior assessmentBehavioralBrainBrain DiseasesCellsConfocal MicroscopyCorpus striatum structureDataDopamineEquilibriumEtiologyExcitatory SynapseFemaleFunctional disorderGaitGenesGenetic TranscriptionGlutamate TransporterGlutamatesGroomingHand functionsHomeostasisHumanImageImpairmentIndividualKnockout MiceLearningLinkLocomotionLong-Term DepressionLong-Term PotentiationMachine LearningMediatingMembraneMethyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2MosaicismMotorMotor ActivityMusMutationNeurogliaNeuronsPathologicPharmacologyPlayPresynaptic TerminalsResolutionRett SyndromeRoleSeizuresSignal TransductionSliceSpeechSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionSynaptic plasticityTestingTimeWalkingWhole-Cell RecordingsWomanWorkautism spectrum disorderbasecell typeconditional knockoutextracellularfield studyglutamatergic signalingimaging systemin vivolearning classifierloss of function mutationmotor controlmotor deficitmouse modelneuronal circuitryoptogeneticsoverexpressionrepetitive behaviorsensory integrationsevere intellectual disability
中文摘要
摘要:
视网膜色素变性综合征(RTT)是导致女性严重智力障碍的主要原因之一。
通常会持续到6-18个月,当他们有自闭症样的行为以及有缺陷的人有目的地使用语言和演讲时。
开始开发。功能丧失和突变发生在与CpG结合的甲基CpG结合蛋白中。
2MECP2可以发生在95%的RTT病例中。最初,MeCP2在神经元中的缺陷被认为是唯一的。
这是RTT的原因,但最近的研究发现,神经胶质细胞缺乏功能基因MeCP2也具有显著意义。
病理改变在RTT的病因学中起重要作用。然而,胶质细胞功能障碍的特定细胞调控机制是潜在的原因。
其角色或行为后果尚未完全确定。在这项研究中,我们将提出对其进行全面审查的建议。
星形胶质细胞是一种特殊的神经胶质细胞亚型,它与纹状体的神经功能障碍有关,是运动功能障碍的罪魁祸首。
在一个基于MeCP2的小鼠模型中,研究了RTT。星形胶质细胞表达编码谷氨酸的第二个SLc1a2基因。
Transporter-1(GLT-1,也称为EAAT2)在调节细胞外谷氨酸水平方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
为了更好地表征GLT-1功能障碍的主要贡献因素,我们发现在条件性基因敲除障碍(CKO)小鼠中,谷氨酸和信号转导机制是相互作用的。
缺乏MeCP2只能在星形胶质细胞中发挥作用,而使用一系列实验方法的组合,包括全细胞方法。
细胞内钙离子的记录和纹状体切片中的光遗传学研究,以及细胞内钙离子和钙离子的延时成像。
细胞外谷氨酸和多巴胺,近超分辨率的共聚焦显微镜,扫描和定量的行为。
评估正在使用机器学习和分类器。但我们的初步测试结果表明,他们的表达水平较低。
Slc1a2在MeCP2和KO小鼠的纹状体内表达,与较小的GLT-1介导的细胞内Na+的表达一致。
信号和细胞膜电流分布在纹状体和星形胶质细胞中。有趣的是,MeCP2和CKO组小鼠表现出更高的运动性。
我们还将提供初步的证据,证明GLT-1在细胞调节中发挥了重要作用。
星形胶质细胞的细胞外谷氨酸水平、细胞内钙离子浓度、细胞内钙离子浓度和多巴胺从细胞内释放的量。
多巴胺能神经末梢。根据先前的工作和这些初步的研究结果,我们可以假设星形胶质细胞。
在MeCP2缺陷的小鼠中,纹状体中的谷氨酸信号转导蛋白受到损害,这有助于改善他们的大脑运动功能缺陷。
我们将提出两个具体的目标:(1)确定并描述GLT-1的主要细胞毒性后果。
CKO小鼠出现功能障碍,星形胶质细胞缺乏MeCP2基因(2)可以表征神经元网络的活性。
CKO小鼠的纹状体相关行为与星形胶质细胞中缺乏MeCP2基因有关。这项拟议的研究将不会澄清。
MeCP2的主要后果是星形胶质细胞GLT-1功能的丧失取决于纹状体依赖的行为,而纹状体依赖的行为将不会发生。
广泛的影响不仅适用于RTT,也适用于其他与纹状体功能障碍相关的脑部疾病。
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a leading cause of severe intellectual disability in women. Individuals with RTT develop
typically until 6-18 months, when autism-like behaviors as well as deficits in purposeful hand use and speech
start to develop. Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked transcriptional regulator methyl-CpG-binding protein
2 (MECP2) occur in >95% of RTT cases. Initially, MeCP2 deficiency in neurons was considered as the exclusive
cause of RTT, but recent studies have revealed that glial cells lacking functional MeCP2 also have a significant
pathological role in RTT etiology. However, specific cellular mechanisms of glial cell dysfunction underlying this
role or its behavioral consequences have not been identified. In this study, we propose to examine the
contribution of a specific glial subtype, astrocytes, to the dysfunction of the striatum responsible for motor deficits
in a Mecp2-based mouse model for RTT. Astrocytes expressing the Slc1a2 gene encoding glutamate
transporter-1 (GLT-1, also EAAT2) have a pivotal role in regulating extracellular glutamate levels. We propose
to characterize the contribution of GLT-1 dysfunction to glutamate signaling in conditional knockout (cKO) mice
lacking Mecp2 only in astrocytes using a combination of experimental approaches, including whole-cell
intracellular recordings and optogenetics in striatal slices, time-lapse imaging of intracellular Ca2+ and
extracellular glutamate and dopamine, near-super resolution confocal microscopy, and quantitative behavioral
assessments using machine-learning classifiers. Our preliminary results indicate lower expression levels of
Slc1a2 in the striatum of constitutive Mecp2 KO mice, consistent with smaller GLT-1-mediated intracellular Na+
signals and membrane currents in striatal astrocytes. Intriguingly, Mecp2 cKO mice show higher locomotor
activity in the open field test. We also present preliminary evidence of the role of GLT-1 in modulating
extracellular glutamate levels, intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes, and dopamine release from
dopaminergic terminals. Based on prior work and these preliminary results, we hypothesize that astroglial
glutamate signaling in the striatum is impaired in Mecp2 deficient mice and contributes to their motor deficits.
We propose two Specific Aims: (1) Identify and characterize the cellular consequences of GLT-1
dysfunction in cKO mice lacking Mecp2 in astrocytes, and (2) Characterize neuronal network activity and
striatum-related behaviors in cKO mice lacking Mecp2 in astrocytes. The proposed studies will elucidate
the consequences of MeCP2 loss in astrocyte GLT-1 function on striatum-dependent behaviors, which will have
broad implications not only for RTT but also for other brain disorders associated with striatal dysfunction.
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