The STING pathway and cytosolic nucleic acid sensors in bone homeostasis
The STING pathway and cytosolic nucleic acid sensors in bone homeostasis
批准号:
10115967
负责人:
Ellen M Gravallese
金额:
$21.91万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-07-19 至 2022-05-31
中文摘要
点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Innate immune sensors detect nucleic acid from viral and bacterial infections to clear infection, and also
recognize endogenous (self) nucleic acid from stressed or dying cells. Toll-like receptors have long
been known to detect nucleic acid, while nucleic acid s ensors within the cytosol have only recently been
discovered. Importantly, activation of cytosolic DNA sensor pathways has been shown to promote
autoimmune disease. Endogenous sources of DNA within cells can activate these pathways, including
oxidized, “damaged” DNA that accrues with aging and can escape degradation, as well as DNA derived
from replication of endogenous retroelements within the human genome. Despite the importance of the
cytosolic DNA sensor pathways, little is known about their role in cell types other than macrophages and
dendritic cells. We now demonstrate an important role for these pathways in bone that may
provide insight into the bone loss occurring with aging and in certain autoimmune diseases. Several
cytosolic DNA sensors signal through an ER-associated protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING),
the most important of which is cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Activation of STING results in the
production of type I interferons and other mediators. The cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 does not signal
through STING, but instead coordinates the assembly of an inflammasome complex, resulting in the
activation of IL-1β and IL-18. We demonstrate that the STING and AIM2 pathways differentially regulate
bone: STING deficient mice develop an osteopenic phenotype, implicating STING as a protective pathway
for bone during states of DNA challenge such as viral and bacterial infection, while AIM2 deficiency
enhances cortical and trabecular bone mass. We hypothesize that the STING and AIM2 pathways
differentially regulate OC differentiation/function through distinct mechanisms. In Aim 1 we will
determine the cell-intrinsic role of the STING pathway in the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and
the role of type I interferon and downstream regulatory elements in this process. In Aim 2 we will test the
hypothesis that cytosolic DNA regulates bone homeostasis through the STING pathway, and
determine the specific role of the critical DNA sensor cGAS upstream of STING in the regulation of
osteoclastogenesis. Aim 3 will determine the role of the AIM2 inflammasome in regulating OC
differentiation/function and will define interactions between the AIM2 and STING pathways. This
proposal addresses the entirely novel hypothesis that cytosolic DNA sensors and their ligands regulate
bone remodeling and aims to define the distinct pathways by which this occurs. Data generated should
provide new therapeutic targets for the protection from pathologic bone remodeling in aging and
autoimmunity.
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