Project 2: Effects of perfluoroalkyl substances on gestational weight gain, breastfeeding, and early life growth

项目2摘要 全氟烷基物质(PFAS)是广泛应用于不粘涂料、食品等领域的合成化学品 包装和防水衣物。 全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、 全氟农酸(PFNA)和全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)是中发现的四种主要的PFAS 美国的人体血液样本。 有越来越多的证据表明，PFAS暴露于 在妊娠期和妊娠期的敏感时期，可能会对参与 新陈代谢和脂肪生成。具体地说，在怀孕期间/在子宫内暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸可能与 与怀孕有关的体重增加过多，怀孕后母乳喂养持续时间缩短，以及 儿童时期超重或肥胖的风险增加。这些都是重要的结果，因为 超常的 怀孕期间体重增加会给母亲和婴儿带来终身患病的风险； 母乳喂养的持续时间减少了母亲和孩子的相关健康益处，以及 儿童时期超重/肥胖会增加患糖尿病、高血压和其他严重疾病的长期风险 受影响儿童的健康障碍。因此，识别这些情况的可修改的风险因素就变成了 这是公共卫生的首要任务。通过利用 来自妇女和儿童的数据和现有生物样本 参加新汉普郡出生队列研究，我们将确定暴露于更高风险的女性 孕期/妊娠期PFAS有更大的风险：1)孕期体重增加过多，2)矮小 母乳喂养持续时间或母乳成分改变，以及3)儿童肥胖程度较高的子女 到5岁。我们还将探索怀孕体重增加或母乳喂养持续时间是否是中介 产前接触PFAS与5岁时肥胖之间的关系。美国 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸。悬空标高 在美国各地的饮用水供应中都检测到了这些物质，包括在 新英格兰北部的PFAS暴露是可以预防的。我们的研究将为政策提供关键数据 改革和发展 环境 保护局最近建立了饮用水健康咨询E 。 确定可能的机会，以减少或防止全氟辛烷磺酸的暴露，从而改善终生 妇女和儿童的健康。

PROJECT 2 ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used synthetic chemicals present in nonstick coatings, food packaging, and water repellant clothing. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) are the four primary PFASs found in human blood samples in United States. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that PFAS exposures during the sensitive windows of pregnancy and gestation may adversely affect hormones involved in metabolism and adipogenesis. Specifically, exposure to PFASs during pregnancy/in utero may be related to excessive pregnancy-related weight gain, reduced duration of breastfeeding following pregnancy, and increased risk of overweight or obesity during childhood. These are important outcomes because e xcessive weight gain during pregnancy confers lifelong risk of morbidity for mothers and infants alike; a shortened duration of breastfeeding reduces the associated health benefits for both mother and child, and overweight/obesity during childhood increases long term risk of diabetes, hypertension, and other serious health disorders for affected children. Thus,identifying modifiable risk factors for these conditions has become a public health priority. By taking advantage of data and existing biological samples from women and children enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we will determine whether women with higher exposures to PFAS during pregnancy/gestation have greater risks for: 1) excessive weight gain during pregnancy, 2) shorter duration of breastfeeding or altered breast milk composition, and 3) offspring with greater childhood adiposity through age 5. We will also explore whether pregnancy weight gain or duration of breastfeeding are mediators of the association between prenatal PFAS exposures and adiposity at age 5. The United States for PFOA and PFOS. levated levels of these substances have been detected in drinking water supplies throughout the United States including in Northern New England PFAS exposures are preventable. Our study will provide critical data to inform policy reform and Environmental Protection Agency recently established drinking water health advisories E . identify possible opportunities to reduce or prevent PFAS exposure and thus improve the lifelong health of women and children.