Project 2: Effects of perfluoroalkyl substances on gestational weight gain, breastfeeding, and early life growth

项目2摘要 全氟烷基物质（PFAS）是广泛用于不粘涂料、食品和化妆品中的合成化学品。 包装和防水服。 全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、 全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟己烷磺酸盐（PFHxS）是四种主要的PFAS， 美国的血液样本。 越来越多的证据表明， 在怀孕和妊娠的敏感窗口期间，可能会对参与 代谢和脂肪生成。具体而言，妊娠期/子宫内暴露于PFAS可能与以下因素有关： 妊娠相关体重过度增加，妊娠后母乳喂养持续时间缩短，以及 儿童时期超重或肥胖的风险增加。这些都是重要的成果，因为 过多的 怀孕期间体重增加会给母亲和婴儿带来终身患病风险; 母乳喂养的持续时间减少了对母亲和儿童的相关健康益处， 儿童期超重/肥胖会增加糖尿病、高血压和其他严重疾病的长期风险。 对受影响儿童的健康造成影响。因此，确定这些条件的可改变的风险因素已成为 公共卫生优先。通过利用 妇女和儿童的数据和现有生物样本 参加了新罕布什尔州出生队列研究，我们将确定是否有较高的暴露于 妊娠期间的PFAS/妊娠期有更大的风险：1）妊娠期间体重过度增加，2）缩短 母乳喂养的持续时间或母乳成分的改变，以及3）具有更大的儿童肥胖症的后代 直到5岁我们还将探讨是否怀孕体重增加或母乳喂养的时间是调解人 产前PFAS暴露与5岁时肥胖之间的关联。美国 PFOA和PFOS。标高 在美国各地的饮用水供应中检测到这些物质， 北方新英格兰PFAS暴露是可以预防的。我们的研究将提供关键数据，为政策提供信息。 改革和 环境 保护局最近建立了饮用水卫生标准E . 确定减少或预防PFAS暴露的可能机会，从而提高终身健康水平。 妇女和儿童的健康。

PROJECT 2 ABSTRACT Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used synthetic chemicals present in nonstick coatings, food packaging, and water repellant clothing. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) are the four primary PFASs found in human blood samples in United States. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that PFAS exposures during the sensitive windows of pregnancy and gestation may adversely affect hormones involved in metabolism and adipogenesis. Specifically, exposure to PFASs during pregnancy/in utero may be related to excessive pregnancy-related weight gain, reduced duration of breastfeeding following pregnancy, and increased risk of overweight or obesity during childhood. These are important outcomes because e xcessive weight gain during pregnancy confers lifelong risk of morbidity for mothers and infants alike; a shortened duration of breastfeeding reduces the associated health benefits for both mother and child, and overweight/obesity during childhood increases long term risk of diabetes, hypertension, and other serious health disorders for affected children. Thus,identifying modifiable risk factors for these conditions has become a public health priority. By taking advantage of data and existing biological samples from women and children enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we will determine whether women with higher exposures to PFAS during pregnancy/gestation have greater risks for: 1) excessive weight gain during pregnancy, 2) shorter duration of breastfeeding or altered breast milk composition, and 3) offspring with greater childhood adiposity through age 5. We will also explore whether pregnancy weight gain or duration of breastfeeding are mediators of the association between prenatal PFAS exposures and adiposity at age 5. The United States for PFOA and PFOS. levated levels of these substances have been detected in drinking water supplies throughout the United States including in Northern New England PFAS exposures are preventable. Our study will provide critical data to inform policy reform and Environmental Protection Agency recently established drinking water health advisories E . identify possible opportunities to reduce or prevent PFAS exposure and thus improve the lifelong health of women and children.