EXPLORING THE MECHANISMS OF SUPERIOR COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

探索精神分裂症患者卓越认知表现的机制

• 批准号: 7718181
• 负责人: ABRAHAM REICHENBERG
• 金额: $ 0.34万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7718181
• 关键词: Anterior; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhibits; Functional disorder; Funding; Grant; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Institution; Intelligence; Left; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neuropsychological Tests; Normal Range; Patients; Performance; Population; Psychopathology; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Schizophrenia; Score; Short-Term Memory; Source; Symptoms; United States National Institutes of Health; executive function; functional disability; neuropsychological; processing speed

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Numerous clinical as well as epidemiological studies have documented severe intellectual deficits in schizophrenia patients. The intellectual deficits have been associated with resulting functional impairments. While it is clear that overall, low intellectual ability is a characteristic of a majority of schizophrenia patients, about 20%-30% have no apparent cognitive impairments. About 13% of patients have IQ scores of 110 or higher, suggesting that a respectable proportion of patients maintain superior intellectual abilities. Although it has been suggested that schizophrenia patients with intellectual ability 'within normal range' still exhibit impairments in executive functions and processing speed compared with normal individuals, the performance of patients with superior intelligence (IQ>115) on specific neuropsychological tests remains unknown. Furthermore, brain function has never been directly studied in this population. The study of schizophrenia patients with superior intellectual capacity has the potential of identifying unaffected, or protective, neural functions. It may also help elucidate the relationship between psychopathology and cognitive impairment, by clarifying the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenic symptoms. Hypotheses: A. Schizophrenia patients with superior intelligence (IQ>115) will present neuropsychological performance and symptom profiles different from schizophrenia patients with normal or low IQ(<115), and controls. B. Similar to schizophrenia patients with normal or low IQ(<115), schizophrenia patients with superior intelligence (IQ>115) will present a characteristic reduced DLPFC activation during a working memory task compared to controls. Other brains regions (in particular in anterior cingulate and left frontal pole) will show increased activation compared to controls and schizophrenia patients with normal or low IQ.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 许多临床和流行病学研究都记录了精神分裂症患者存在严重的智力缺陷。 智力缺陷与由此产生的功能障碍有关。 虽然很明显，总体而言，智力低下是大多数精神分裂症患者的特征，但大约 20%-30% 的患者没有明显的认知障碍。 大约 13% 的患者智商得分为 110 或更高，这表明相当一部分患者保持着卓越的智力能力。 尽管有人认为，与正常人相比，智力“在正常范围内”的精神分裂症患者在执行功能和处理速度方面仍表现出损害，但智力超群（IQ>115）的患者在特定神经心理学测试中的表现仍然未知。 此外，从未直接研究过该人群的大脑功能。 对具有超强智力的精神分裂症患者的研究有可能识别未受影响或具有保护性的神经功能。 通过阐明精神分裂症症状的病理生理学，它还可能有助于阐明精神病理学和认知障碍之间的关系。 假设： A. 智商较高（IQ>115）的精神分裂症患者将表现出与智商正常或低智商（<115）的精神分裂症患者和对照不同的神经心理学表现和症状特征。 B. 与智商正常或低智商（<115）的精神分裂症患者类似，与对照组相比，智商较高（智商>115）的精神分裂症患者在工作记忆任务期间会表现出 DLPFC 激活减少的特征。 与对照组和智商正常或低智商的精神分裂症患者相比，其他大脑区域（特别是前扣带回和左额极）的激活程度会有所增加。