Mentoring in transmission of influenza and strategies for prevention

流感传播的指导和预防策略

• 批准号: 10094190
• 负责人: CARLOS G GRIJALVA
• 金额: $ 17.86万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-03 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10094190
• 关键词: Academic Medical Centers; Accident and Emergency department; Acute respiratory infection; Aerosols; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Attenuated; Cessation of life; Child; Clinic; Cohort Studies; Communities; Data; Development; Diagnostic tests; Disease; Effectiveness; Elderly; Electronics; Enrollment; Environment; Evaluation; Faculty; Family; Foundations; Funding; Genetic; Health Policy; Home; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Household; Human; Humidity; Infection; Infection prevention; Influenza; Influenza prevention; Intervention; Laboratories; Life Style; Link; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Modernization; Molecular; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Natural History; Patients; Pattern; Pharmacoepidemiology; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Process; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Project Grants; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Seasons; Serology; Severities; Severity of illness; Social Interaction; Strategic Planning; Study models; Symptoms; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Time; Training; Use Effectiveness; Vaccination; Vaccines; Virus Shedding; Visit; associated symptom; base; career; cold temperature; design; disease transmission; disorder prevention; economic cost; flu transmission; follow-up; health care settings; improved; indexing; influenza epidemic; influenza infection; influenza surveillance; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; instrument; member; mid-career faculty; modifiable risk; mortality; novel; patient oriented research; prevent; preventive intervention; prospective; respiratory; sample collection; seasonal influenza; skills; therapy design; transmission process; universal influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; virus genetics

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT This K24 proposal will provide protected time for Dr. Grijalva to deliver high-quality mentoring to post-doctoral and junior faculty investigators as well as to expand his studies of influenza transmission and disease prevention. Dr. Grijalva proposes a comprehensive and dedicated mentoring plan that will facilitate the effective transition of his mentees into independent academic careers. The application includes a detailed description of plans to augment Dr. Grijalva’s own training through acquisition of advanced skills in mentoring, and modelling of transmission of infectious diseases and causal inference. His current research projects are thematically linked through their focus on acute respiratory infections, especially influenza infections, with a strong emphasis on identification of modifiable risk factors to inform subsequent interventions. Influenza remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary strategy to attenuate the impact of influenza epidemics is vaccination, but vaccine effectiveness is suboptimal. Alternative methods to prevent the spread of influenza are needed. Little is known about the transmission of influenza in US households and communities in our modern lifestyle. Our understanding of influenza transmission is largely based on household studies that were done in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Diagnostic tests have changed, and current molecular and sequencing techniques allow accurate identification of influenza transmission. Similarly, contact patterns within households and communities have likely changed during the last decades, and widespread use of electronic devices may have further modified those dynamics. Understanding the contemporary drivers of influenza transmission within US households and communities is the foundation for preventative interventions. The NIAID strategic plan to prevent influenza infections and design a Universal influenza vaccine has identified modern studies of influenza transmission as an important research priority. Although a large proportion of influenza infections are acquired at home, the role of household environment, contact patterns, and disease severity on influenza transmission have not been well studied. Contemporary household case-ascertained studies are efficient designs to quantify transmission parameters and to study the role of these and other novel modifiable factors. The research aims are: 1) Test the hypothesis that modifiable factors, including household temperature, relative humidity, and within-household social interactions are independently associated with the risk of influenza transmission in households; 2) To provide a comprehensive assessment of the use and effectiveness of antivirals in the prevention of influenza transmission in households; 3) Test the hypothesis that the disease severity in the index case (first patient infected in the household), and the household exposure intensity and duration modify the risk of influenza transmission in households. These studies will inform the design and evaluation of new prevention strategies, and will provide extensive opportunities for mentoring junior investigators in patient-oriented research in influenza infections, transmission and prevention.

项目摘要 /摘要 该K24提案将为Grijalva博士提供高质量心理的保护时间 和初级教师研究人员以及扩大对影响力传播和疾病的研究 预防。 Grijalva博士提出了一项全面而敬业的心理计划，将促进 有效地过渡到他的独立学术职业。该应用程序包括一个详细的 通过获取精神技能的高级技能来增强Grijalva博士自己培训的计划的描述， 以及传播疾病和因果推理的传播建模。他目前的研究项目是 通过关注急性呼吸道感染，尤其是影响力感染的主题联系 非常强调识别可修改风险因素以告知随后的干预措施。流感 仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的重要原因。减轻影响的主要策略 影响力发作是疫苗，但疫苗有效性是次优的。防止的替代方法 需要流感的传播。关于美国家庭中的流感传播知之甚少 我们现代生活方式的社区。我们对造成影响传播的理解主要基于 在1960年代和1970年代进行的家庭研究。诊断测试已经改变，最新 分子和测序技术允许准确鉴定影响力的传播。同样，接触 在过去的几十年中，家庭和社区内的模式可能发生了变化，并且使用宽度 电子设备可能进一步修改了这些动力学。了解当代驱动力 美国家庭和社区内部的影响力是预防干预措施的基础。 NIAID战略计划，以防止影响力的感染和设计通用影响力疫苗已经确定 现代对影响力传播的研究是重要的研究重点。虽然很大一部分 影响是在家中获得的，家庭环境的作用，接触模式和疾病的作用 影响力传播的严重程度尚未很好地研究。当代家庭案例确定 研究是量化传输参数并研究这些和其他新颖的作用的有效设计 可修改因素。研究目的是：1）检验以下假设：可修改因素，包括家庭 温度，相对湿度和内部社会互动与 家庭影响家庭传播的风险； 2）对使用的全面评估 抗病毒药在预防家庭影响的有效性； 3）检验以下假设 索引病例中的疾病严重程度（在家庭中首次感染）和家庭接触 强度和持续时间改变了家庭中影响力传播的风险。这些研究将告知 设计和评估新的预防策略，并将为心理上提供广泛的机会 在影响力感染，传播和预防方面的患者研究研究中的初级研究者。