Causal Mechanisms for Sustainable Adaptation to Adverse Heat and Precipitation Health Effects

可持续适应炎热和降水不利健康影响的因果机制

• 批准号: 10094057
• 负责人: Carina Gronlund
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10094057
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Aging; Air Conditioning; Air Pollution; Area; Award; Cardiopulmonary; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; Climate; Communication; Communities; Data; Data Linkages; Data Set; Databases; Elderly; Emergency department visit; Ensure; Environmental Exposure; Event; Future; General Population; Health; Health Personnel; Home; Hospitalization; Housing; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Infrastructure; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Link; Location; Maps; Marital Status; Mediating; Mediation; Medicare; Mentors; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Philadelphia; Play; Plumbing; Policies; Population; Precipitation; Predisposition; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Records; Research; Research Methodology; Resolution; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Science; Statistical Methods; Structure; Surface; Temperature; Testing; Training; Translating; Urbanization; Vulnerable Populations; Weather; base; beneficiary; climate adaptation; climate change; climate science; community based participatory research; community engaged research; community involvement; disadvantaged population; epidemiology study; experience; extreme heat; extreme weather; gastrointestinal; health data; health disparity; improved; innovation; low socioeconomic status; member; mortality; novel; outreach; racial disparity; residence; skills; socioeconomic disparity; statistics; urban area; usability

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Globally, extreme-heat and extreme-precipitation events have a large impact on human health. Adaptation to climate change is a national priority in light of the National Climate Assessment’s findings of significant climate- change-related health burdens among the most disadvantaged populations. This persistent and growing public health problem is especially concerning given the following: increasing temperatures and extreme-heat and extreme-precipitation events with climate change; increasing numbers of elderly individuals in the U.S. population; and increasing urbanization. Adaptation and intervention strategies must be informed by high quality science. However, research in this area to date is limited by a lack of fine spatial resolution data on the full range of factors that play into climate change vulnerability, including: health outcomes ranging from illness to death; patient characteristics; temperature and precipitation exposures; and environmental and housing information. Additionally, the experiences of affected communities and the usability of research products, including vulnerability maps, are not always integrated into the research process, nor is research always adequately translated into actions to reduce adverse effects of heat, particularly for vulnerable populations. This project will fill knowledge gaps through analysis of a novel dataset with finely resolved information informed by community knowledge and policy needs. Dr. Gronlund will identify how pre-existing health conditions, housing characteristics and air pollution increase vulnerability to extreme heat mortality, hospitalization and emergency room visits, using data from 6 U.S. cities. She will link mortality records and Medicare records in each city to a fine-scale model of daily temperature exposure and publicly available housing data. Data and statistical methods will allow her to study these potential vulnerability characteristics at the level of both the individual and the neighborhood. She will account for competing effects between mortality and morbidity events and examine how socioeconomic disparities in heat health effects are mediated, or explained, by more direct mechanisms such as housing quality and pre-existing health conditions. Based on this information, she will generate heat risk scores for each neighborhood in the six cities and map these risks. She will also identify how housing age, as a proxy for plumbing quality, modifies associations between precipitation and gastrointestinal hospitalization and emergency room visits. In Detroit, MI, she will also engage with the community at each step of the research process in a participatory, co-educational manner that will ensure that her specific research questions will both incorporate the knowledge and address relevant needs of local community members and officials involved in climate adaptation planning. Dr. Gronlund has background in epidemiologic research on the health effects of heat. In the first two years of the award, she will obtain additional training in spatial statistics, climate science and community-based participatory research methods from highly qualified mentors. The results from this research will help cities adapt to changing climatic and demographic conditions by providing guidance to health care providers and the general public on which health and housing characteristics increase susceptibility to heat and by informing sustainable climate change adaptation efforts.

项目总结/摘要 在全球范围内，极端高温和极端降水事件对人类健康有很大影响。适应 气候变化是国家的优先事项，根据国家气候评估的结果，重大的气候- 最弱势群体中与变化有关的健康负担。这种持续增长的公众 健康问题尤其令人担忧，因为温度和极端高温不断上升， 极端降水事件与气候变化;在美国的老年人越来越多。 人口;城市化程度不断提高。适应和干预战略必须由高层次的 质量科学然而，迄今为止，这一领域的研究受到缺乏关于海洋的精细空间分辨率数据的限制。 影响气候变化脆弱性的各种因素，包括： 死亡;患者特征;温度和降水暴露;以及环境和住房 信息.此外，受影响社区的经验和研究产品的可用性， 包括脆弱性地图，并不总是融入研究过程，研究也不总是 充分转化为行动，以减少热量的不利影响，特别是对弱势群体的影响。 这个项目将通过分析一个具有精细解析信息的新数据集来填补知识空白 了解社区知识和政策需求。Gronlund博士将确定如何预先存在的健康 条件、住房特点和空气污染增加了对极端高温死亡率的脆弱性， 住院和急诊室访问，使用来自美国6个城市的数据。她会把死亡率记录 医疗保险记录在每个城市的一个精细的规模模型的每日温度暴露和公开提供 住房数据。数据和统计方法将使她能够研究这些潜在的脆弱性特征， 个人和社区的水平。她将解释死亡率和死亡率之间的竞争效应 和发病率事件，并研究如何介导热健康影响的社会经济差异，或 这可以通过住房质量和先前存在的健康状况等更直接的机制来解释。基于 根据这些信息，她将为六个城市的每个社区生成热风险评分，并绘制这些风险。 她还将确定住房年龄，作为管道质量的代理，如何修改 降水和胃肠道住院和急诊室就诊。在密歇根州底特律，她还将参与 与社区在研究过程的每一步，以参与，共同教育的方式，将 确保她的具体研究问题将既纳入知识，并解决相关的需求， 参与气候适应规划的当地社区成员和官员。格隆隆德博士有背景 热对健康影响的流行病学研究。在该奖项的前两年，她将获得 空间统计、气候科学和社区参与式研究方法方面的额外培训 高素质的导师。这项研究的结果将有助于城市适应不断变化的气候， 通过向卫生保健提供者和公众提供关于健康状况的指导， 和住房特征增加了对热量的敏感性， 适应的努力。