Causal Mechanisms for Sustainable Adaptation to Adverse Heat and Precipitation Health Effects

可持续适应炎热和降水不利健康影响的因果机制

• 批准号: 10094057
• 负责人: Carina Gronlund
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10094057
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Aging; Air Conditioning; Air Pollution; Area; Award; Cardiopulmonary; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; Climate; Communication; Communities; Data; Data Linkages; Data Set; Databases; Elderly; Emergency department visit; Ensure; Environmental Exposure; Event; Future; General Population; Health; Health Personnel; Home; Hospitalization; Housing; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Infrastructure; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Link; Location; Maps; Marital Status; Mediating; Mediation; Medicare; Mentors; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patients; Philadelphia; Play; Plumbing; Policies; Population; Precipitation; Predisposition; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Records; Research; Research Methodology; Resolution; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Estimate; Risk Factors; Science; Statistical Methods; Structure; Surface; Temperature; Testing; Training; Translating; Urbanization; Vulnerable Populations; Weather; base; beneficiary; climate adaptation; climate change; climate science; community based participatory research; community engaged research; community involvement; disadvantaged population; epidemiology study; experience; extreme heat; extreme weather; gastrointestinal; health data; health disparity; improved; innovation; low socioeconomic status; member; mortality; novel; outreach; racial disparity; residence; skills; socioeconomic disparity; statistics; urban area; usability

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Globally, extreme-heat and extreme-precipitation events have a large impact on human health. Adaptation to climate change is a national priority in light of the National Climate Assessment’s findings of significant climate- change-related health burdens among the most disadvantaged populations. This persistent and growing public health problem is especially concerning given the following: increasing temperatures and extreme-heat and extreme-precipitation events with climate change; increasing numbers of elderly individuals in the U.S. population; and increasing urbanization. Adaptation and intervention strategies must be informed by high quality science. However, research in this area to date is limited by a lack of fine spatial resolution data on the full range of factors that play into climate change vulnerability, including: health outcomes ranging from illness to death; patient characteristics; temperature and precipitation exposures; and environmental and housing information. Additionally, the experiences of affected communities and the usability of research products, including vulnerability maps, are not always integrated into the research process, nor is research always adequately translated into actions to reduce adverse effects of heat, particularly for vulnerable populations. This project will fill knowledge gaps through analysis of a novel dataset with finely resolved information informed by community knowledge and policy needs. Dr. Gronlund will identify how pre-existing health conditions, housing characteristics and air pollution increase vulnerability to extreme heat mortality, hospitalization and emergency room visits, using data from 6 U.S. cities. She will link mortality records and Medicare records in each city to a fine-scale model of daily temperature exposure and publicly available housing data. Data and statistical methods will allow her to study these potential vulnerability characteristics at the level of both the individual and the neighborhood. She will account for competing effects between mortality and morbidity events and examine how socioeconomic disparities in heat health effects are mediated, or explained, by more direct mechanisms such as housing quality and pre-existing health conditions. Based on this information, she will generate heat risk scores for each neighborhood in the six cities and map these risks. She will also identify how housing age, as a proxy for plumbing quality, modifies associations between precipitation and gastrointestinal hospitalization and emergency room visits. In Detroit, MI, she will also engage with the community at each step of the research process in a participatory, co-educational manner that will ensure that her specific research questions will both incorporate the knowledge and address relevant needs of local community members and officials involved in climate adaptation planning. Dr. Gronlund has background in epidemiologic research on the health effects of heat. In the first two years of the award, she will obtain additional training in spatial statistics, climate science and community-based participatory research methods from highly qualified mentors. The results from this research will help cities adapt to changing climatic and demographic conditions by providing guidance to health care providers and the general public on which health and housing characteristics increase susceptibility to heat and by informing sustainable climate change adaptation efforts.

项目摘要/摘要 在全球，极端热和极端的事件对人类健康产生了很大的影响。适应 鉴于国家气候评估的重大攀登结果，气候变化是国家优先事项。 与最不受欢迎的人群中，与变化有关的健康伯伦斯。这种持久和不断增长的公众 健康问题特别关注给出以下内容：升高温度和极端热和 气候变化的极端沉积事件；在美国，越来越多的人 人口;并增加城市化。适应和干预策略必须由高 质量科学。但是，迄今为止，该领域的研究受到缺乏关于该领域的良好空间分辨率数据的限制 在气候变化脆弱性中扮演的各种因素，包括：疾病的健康成果 死亡；患者特征；温度和降水暴露；以及环境和住房 信息。此外，受影响社区的经验和研究产品的可用性， 包括漏洞图，并不总是整合到研究过程中，研究过程也不总是 充分地转化为减少热量不良影响的行动，特别是对于弱势群体。 该项目将通过对新型数据集的分析来填补知识空白 由社区知识和政策需求所告知。 Gronlund博士将确定健康状况如何 条件，住房特征和空气污染增加了对极端热死亡率的脆弱性， 使用来自美国6个城市的数据，住院和急诊就诊。她将链接死亡率记录和 每个城市的Medicare记录，以每天的温度暴露并公开可用 住房数据。数据和统计方法将使她能够研究这些潜在的脆弱性特征 个人和社区的水平。她将考虑死亡率之间的竞争影响 和发病率事件，并检查热健康影响中的社会经济差异是如何介导的，或 解释了更直接的机制，例如住房质量和预先存在的健康状况。基于 这些信息，她将为六个城市的每个社区产生热风险评分，并绘制这些风险。 她还将确定住房年龄如何作为水管质量的代理，修改了之间的关联 降水和胃肠道住院和急诊就诊。在密歇根州底特律，她还将参与 社区以参与，共同教育方式在研究过程的每个步骤中 确保她的具体研究问题既将知识和相关需求纳入 当地社区成员和参与气候适应计划的官员。 Gronlund博士有背景 在有关热的健康影响的流行病学研究中。在奖项的头两年中，她将获得 空间统计，气候科学和基于社区的参与研究方法的其他培训 来自高素质的导师。这项研究的结果将有助于城市适应不断变化的气候和 人口条件通过向医疗保健提供者和公众提供指导来提供指导 住房特征增加了对热量的敏感性并通过通知可持续的气候变化 适应工作。