Hydraulic Fracturing of Controlled Release Oxidants for Remediation of Low Permeability Zones

项目摘要/摘要AxNano，LLC SBIR Fasttrack 2019 美国环保署估计，每四个美国人中就有一个生活在危险废物的三英里范围内。 绝佳的价钱为了满足日益增长的对修复这些污染场地的需求，美国的修复市场一直在 自2009年以来稳步增长，平均每年增长2-3%。全球环境修复 技术市场预计将在2019年扩大到805亿美元。修复受污染场地可能需要 高达数百万美元，可持续数十年，特别是在具有挑战性的地质环境中，如低 渗透性（低k）区域（例如，粘土和基岩）。污染物浓度低的场所 渗透区是一个特别令人头痛的行业，因为这些区域可以作为地下“源区”， 从而使污染物缓慢释放到透射区中达数十年之久。传统液相 在渗透性更强的地区成功使用的补救注射，当应用于低k区时， 结果只是部分清理，然后是长期的现场管理。重新申请以解决 反弹（补救后污染物浓度增加）和尾矿（持久性非零） 污染物水平）是环境工程师最大的痛点之一。这些反弹和 尾矿导致责任增加、补救费用增加和补救计划旷日持久。AxNano， 与北卡罗来纳州A&T合作，专门制定了他们的专利控释技术 来解决这些持久的低k区域。RemRx® CRI是一种控释注射剂，可植入低k 通过水力压裂，将ISCO试剂的持续水平直接提供到被困区域中， 在受污染的地区，使用一个/几个应用程序来解决这些反弹和尾矿问题。 AxNano已经建立了原型和初步研究，以支持Fasttrack SBIR计划。相 该计划的I将支持RemRx® CRI的开发，通过对低成本原型的实验室规模测试， k区2-D流动室和通过计算建模的影响半径估计。第二阶段的目标是试点- 规模证明在皮埃蒙特地区的两个地点生产I期验证的MVP和现场试验。 现场演示将包括与直接氧化剂性能的比较。中试规模数据 演示和计算建模将用于设计全面部署。AxNano将设计 支持RemRxTM CRI技术向未来大规模过渡的全规模制造工艺 部署. 这项技术开发计划利用独特的知识产权地位， 新RemRxTM系列产品。补救和更广泛的水/废水市场是复杂的， 市场难以接受新的补救技术。然而，控制释放ISCO试剂具有强的 兴趣AxNano团队致力于实现这种高影响力的成功商业化。 技术.

Project Summary/Abstract AxNano, LLC SBIR Fasttrack 2019 The EPA estimates that one out of every four Americans lives within three miles of a hazardous waste site. To meet the growing need for remediating these contaminated sites, the US remediation market has been increasing steadily since 2009, averaging 2-3% increases per year. The global environmental remediation technology market is forecasted to expand to $80.5 billion in 2019. Remediation of contaminated sites can cost upwards of millions of dollars and can last for decades, especially in challenging geological settings such as low permeability (low-k) zones (e.g., clay and bedrock). Sites where contaminants are concentrated in low permeability zones are a particular industry headache as these areas can serve as sub-surface “source zones” providing slow release of contaminants into transmissive zones for decades of longer. Traditional, liquid-phase remediation injections that are successfully used in more permeable areas, when applied to low-k zones often result in only partial clean-up followed by chronic site management. Costly re-applications to address rebounding (increases in contaminant concentration following remediation) and tailings (persistent non-zero contaminant levels) are one of the biggest pain-points for environmental engineers. These rebounding and tailings lead to increase liability, increased remediation cost, and long drawn-out remediation schemes. AxNano, in collaboration with North Carolina A&T, has specially formulated their patented controlled release technology to address these persistent low-k zones. RemRx® CRI, controlled release injectant, can be emplaced into low k zones by hydraulic fracturing and provide sustained levels of ISCO reagents directly into the trapped contaminated area with one/few applications to address these issues of rebounding and tailings. AxNano has established prototypes and preliminary studies to support a Fasttrack SBIR program. Phase I of the program will support the development RemRx® CRI, through bench-scale testing of prototypes in low- k zone 2-D flow chambers and radius of influence estimation by computational modeling. Phase II aims to pilot- scale demonstrate manufacturing the Phase I-validated MVP and field test at two sites in the Piedmont Region. Field demonstrations will include comparison to straight oxidant performance. Data from pilot-scale demonstration and computational modeling will be used to design full-scale deployments. AxNano will design a full scale manufacturing process to support transition of the RemRxTM CRI technology to future large scale deployment. This technology development program leverages a unique intellectual property position to develop this new RemRxTM family of products. The remediation and broader water/wastewater markets are complex, making market uptake of new remediation technologies difficult. However, controlled release ISCO agents are of strong interest. The AxNano Team is committed to achieving the successful commercialization of this high-impact technology.