Hydraulic Fracturing of Controlled Release Oxidants for Remediation of Low Permeability Zones

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Project Summary/Abstract AxNano, LLC SBIR Fasttrack 2019 1 The EPA estimates that one out of every four Americans lives within three miles of a hazardous waste 2 site. To meet the growing need for remediating these contaminated sites, the US remediation market has been 3 increasing steadily since 2009, averaging 2-3% increases per year. The global environmental remediation 4 technology market is forecasted to expand to $80.5 billion in 2019. Remediation of contaminated sites can cost 5 upwards of millions of dollars and can last for decades, especially in challenging geological settings such as low 6 permeability (low-k) zones (e.g., clay and bedrock). Sites where contaminants are concentrated in low 7 permeability zones are a particular industry headache as these areas can serve as sub-surface “source zones” 8 providing slow release of contaminants into transmissive zones for decades of longer. Traditional, liquid-phase 9 remediation injections that are successfully used in more permeable areas, when applied to low-k zones often 10 result in only partial clean-up followed by chronic site management. Costly re-applications to address 11 rebounding (increases in contaminant concentration following remediation) and tailings (persistent non-zero 12 contaminant levels) are one of the biggest pain-points for environmental engineers. These rebounding and 13 tailings lead to increase liability, increased remediation cost, and long drawn-out remediation schemes. AxNano, 14 in collaboration with North Carolina A&T, has specially formulated their patented controlled release technology 15 to address these persistent low-k zones. RemRx® CRI, controlled release injectant, can be emplaced into low k 16 zones by hydraulic fracturing and provide sustained levels of ISCO reagents directly into the trapped 17 contaminated area with one/few applications to address these issues of rebounding and tailings. 18 AxNano has established prototypes and preliminary studies to support a Fasttrack SBIR program. Phase 19 I of the program will support the development RemRx® CRI, through bench-scale testing of prototypes in low- 20 k zone 2-D flow chambers and radius of influence estimation by computational modeling. Phase II aims to pilot- 21 scale demonstrate manufacturing the Phase I-validated MVP and field test at two sites in the Piedmont Region. 22 Field demonstrations will include comparison to straight oxidant performance. Data from pilot-scale 23 demonstration and computational modeling will be used to design full-scale deployments. AxNano will design 24 a full scale manufacturing process to support transition of the RemRxTM CRI technology to future large scale 25 deployment. 26 This technology development program leverages a unique intellectual property position to develop this 27 new RemRxTM family of products. The remediation and broader water/wastewater markets are complex, making 28 market uptake of new remediation technologies difficult. However, controlled release ISCO agents are of strong 29 interest. The AxNano Team is committed to achieving the successful commercialization of this high-impact 30 technology.