Project 3 - Effect of Extreme Weather on Potential Exposure of Contaminant Mixtures in Karst Water Systems

项目 3 - 极端天气对岩溶水系统中污染物混合物潜在暴露的影响

• 批准号: 10558723
• 负责人: Ingrid Y Padilla
• 金额: $ 25.53万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-12 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10558723
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Behavior; Characteristics; Chemicals; Complex; Consumption; Data; Data Analyses; Data Analytics; Deposition; Development; Diffuse; Droughts; Dryness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Pollution; Epidemiology; Excision; Exposure to; Fracture; Fresh Water; Grain; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; Human; Hurricane; Immobilization; Infrastructure; Island; Knowledge; Link; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Outcome; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Pesticides; Play; Predisposition; Pregnancy Outcome; Process; Property; Puerto Rico; Rain; Records; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Source; Statistical Models; Structure; Superfund; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Toxicology; Visualization; Water; Weather; Work; adverse pregnancy outcome; contaminant transport; contaminated water; data mining; data-driven model; drinking water; extreme storms; extreme weather; geochemistry; ground water; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; novel; phthalates; portability; remediation; response; risk minimization; superfund site; volatile organic compound

PROJECT SUMMARY We propose to assess the effect of extreme weather, such as hurricanes, droughts, and intense storms, on risks for exposure to contaminant mixtures in karst water systems. Karst systems are important sources of freshwater for human consumption, but are highly susceptible to contamination from multiple sources. As a result, karst groundwater poses a significant risk for exposure to contaminant mixtures and hence health impacts. Flow in these systems may occur through fractures, conduits, and rock matrix. Because of their unique characteristics, karst systems respond differently to extreme weather conditions than other aquifers. Under storm conditions, high loads of contaminants and sediments enter the subsurface and are transported rapidly and unattenuated through conduits to storage and exposure points. Under dry conditions, sediments are immobile; contaminants are stored in sediments and the rock matrix, and are slowly released over long periods of time, resulting in long-term exposure. Differences in loads, physicochemical properties, mobility, and storage characteristics result in dynamic and heterogeneous distribution of contaminants in karst waters. However, little is known about how extreme weather impacts the dynamic distribution and exposure of contaminant mixtures in karst water and how they may affect health. The proposed work will assess the effect of extreme weather on (1) groundwater hydraulic and geochemical conditions, (2) sediment transport, deposition, and potential interactions with contaminants, and (3) distribution of contaminant mixtures at points of potential exposure. Building on previous findings and existing infrastructure, the project focuses on the karst region of northern Puerto Rico, which is the focal area of PROTECT’s work to study the impact of exposure to multiple Superfund-related contaminants on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The contaminants to be studied are phthalates, pesticides, chlorinated volatile organic compounds, and metals because they are commonly found in Superfund sites in karst regions in Puerto Rico and can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. The proposed research will apply innovative data analytics techniques to mine, visualize, and extract patterns and facts from data, and utilize those facts to make inferences and build data-based models. The models will be used to describe and predict the effect of extreme weather on the distribution of mixtures at groundwater and tap water potential points of exposure. This work will also assess the role of karst sediments in the fate and transport of contaminants during extreme weather conditions through novel analysis of depth-related properties in sediment deposits from karst caves. Through an integrated multidisciplinary approach, this project will contribute to the development of (i) innovative methods for assessing exposure risks to multiple, superfund-related hazardous substances (Projects 1 & 3) and their association to adverse pregnancy outcomes (Projects 1 & 2); and (ii) optimized technologies for reducing the amount and toxicity of contaminants in karst waters (Projects 2 & 4).

项目摘要 我们建议评估极端天气的影响，例如飓风，干旱和暴风雨 喀斯特水系统中暴露于污染物混合物的风险。喀斯特系统是重要来源 人类消费的淡水，但非常容易受到多种来源污染的影响。作为 结果，喀斯特地下水具有暴露于污染物混合物的重大风险，因此健康 影响。这些系统中的流量可能通过裂缝，导管和岩石基质发生。因为他们 独特的特征，喀斯特系统对极端天气条件的反应与其他含水层不同。 在风暴条件下，高负载污染物和沉积物进入地下并运输 通过导管迅速而没有损害，到达存储和曝光点。在干燥条件下，沉积物 是不动的；污染物存储在沉积物和岩石基质中，并慢慢释放 时间段，导致长期暴露。负载，物理特性，移动性和 存储特性导致喀斯特水域污染物的动态和异质分布。 但是，关于极端天气如何影响动态分布和暴露的程度知之甚少 喀斯特水中的污染物混合物及其如何影响健康。 拟议的工作将评估极端天气对（1）地下水氢化和地球化学的影响 条件，（2）沉积物传输，沉积和与污染物的潜在相互作用，（3）分布 在潜在暴露点处的污染物混合物。以先前的发现和现有 基础设施，该项目侧重于北波多黎各的喀斯特地区，这是 保护正在研究暴露于多种超级基金相关污染物对广告的影响的工作 怀孕结果。要研究的污染物是邻苯二甲酸盐，农药，氯化有机物 化合物和金属是因为它们通常在波多黎各的喀斯特地区的超级基金地点找到 并可能对妊娠结局产生不利影响。拟议的研究将应用创新的数据分析 从数据中挖掘，可视化和提取事实的技术，并利用这些事实来制作 推论和构建基于数据的模型。这些模型将用于描述和预测极端的影响 地下水和自来水潜在暴露点混合物分布的天气。这项工作 还将评估喀斯特沉积物在极端天气下污染物的命运和运输中的作用 通过对喀斯特洞穴沉积物沉积物中深度相关特性的新分析的条件。 通过综合的多学科方法，该项目将有助于（i）的发展 评估对多种与超级基金有关的危险物质的风险的创新方法 （项目1和3）及其与不良怀孕成果的关联（项目1和2）； （ii）优化 减少喀斯特水域污染物的数量和毒性的技术（项目2和4）。