Project 3 - Effect of Extreme Weather on Potential Exposure of Contaminant Mixtures in Karst Water Systems

项目 3 - 极端天气对岩溶水系统中污染物混合物潜在暴露的影响

• 批准号: 10558723
• 负责人: Ingrid Y Padilla
• 金额: $ 25.53万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-12 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10558723
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Behavior; Characteristics; Chemicals; Complex; Consumption; Data; Data Analyses; Data Analytics; Deposition; Development; Diffuse; Droughts; Dryness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Pollution; Epidemiology; Excision; Exposure to; Fracture; Fresh Water; Grain; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; Human; Hurricane; Immobilization; Infrastructure; Island; Knowledge; Link; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Outcome; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Pesticides; Play; Predisposition; Pregnancy Outcome; Process; Property; Puerto Rico; Rain; Records; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Source; Statistical Models; Structure; Superfund; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Toxicology; Visualization; Water; Weather; Work; adverse pregnancy outcome; contaminant transport; contaminated water; data mining; data-driven model; drinking water; extreme storms; extreme weather; geochemistry; ground water; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; novel; phthalates; portability; remediation; response; risk minimization; superfund site; volatile organic compound

PROJECT SUMMARY We propose to assess the effect of extreme weather, such as hurricanes, droughts, and intense storms, on risks for exposure to contaminant mixtures in karst water systems. Karst systems are important sources of freshwater for human consumption, but are highly susceptible to contamination from multiple sources. As a result, karst groundwater poses a significant risk for exposure to contaminant mixtures and hence health impacts. Flow in these systems may occur through fractures, conduits, and rock matrix. Because of their unique characteristics, karst systems respond differently to extreme weather conditions than other aquifers. Under storm conditions, high loads of contaminants and sediments enter the subsurface and are transported rapidly and unattenuated through conduits to storage and exposure points. Under dry conditions, sediments are immobile; contaminants are stored in sediments and the rock matrix, and are slowly released over long periods of time, resulting in long-term exposure. Differences in loads, physicochemical properties, mobility, and storage characteristics result in dynamic and heterogeneous distribution of contaminants in karst waters. However, little is known about how extreme weather impacts the dynamic distribution and exposure of contaminant mixtures in karst water and how they may affect health. The proposed work will assess the effect of extreme weather on (1) groundwater hydraulic and geochemical conditions, (2) sediment transport, deposition, and potential interactions with contaminants, and (3) distribution of contaminant mixtures at points of potential exposure. Building on previous findings and existing infrastructure, the project focuses on the karst region of northern Puerto Rico, which is the focal area of PROTECT’s work to study the impact of exposure to multiple Superfund-related contaminants on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The contaminants to be studied are phthalates, pesticides, chlorinated volatile organic compounds, and metals because they are commonly found in Superfund sites in karst regions in Puerto Rico and can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. The proposed research will apply innovative data analytics techniques to mine, visualize, and extract patterns and facts from data, and utilize those facts to make inferences and build data-based models. The models will be used to describe and predict the effect of extreme weather on the distribution of mixtures at groundwater and tap water potential points of exposure. This work will also assess the role of karst sediments in the fate and transport of contaminants during extreme weather conditions through novel analysis of depth-related properties in sediment deposits from karst caves. Through an integrated multidisciplinary approach, this project will contribute to the development of (i) innovative methods for assessing exposure risks to multiple, superfund-related hazardous substances (Projects 1 & 3) and their association to adverse pregnancy outcomes (Projects 1 & 2); and (ii) optimized technologies for reducing the amount and toxicity of contaminants in karst waters (Projects 2 & 4).

项目总结 我们建议评估极端天气，如飓风、干旱和强烈风暴对 岩溶水系统暴露在污染物混合物中的风险。岩溶系统是岩溶系统的重要来源 供人类消费的淡水，但极易受到来自多种来源的污染。作为一名 因此，岩溶地下水对暴露在污染物混合物中，从而对健康构成重大风险。 影响。这些系统中的流动可能发生在裂缝、管道和岩石基质中。因为他们的 由于其独特的特点，岩溶系统对极端天气条件的反应与其他含水层不同。 在暴风雨条件下，高负荷的污染物和沉积物进入地下并被输送 通过通往储存点和曝光点的管道迅速且不衰减。在干燥条件下，沉积物 是不可移动的；污染物储存在沉积物和岩石基质中，并随着时间的推移缓慢释放 一段时间，导致长期接触。负荷、物理化学性质、流动性和 岩溶水体中污染物的储存特性决定了污染物的动态、非均质分布。 然而，人们对极端天气如何影响空气的动态分布和暴露知之甚少。 岩溶水中的污染物混合物及其对健康的影响。 拟议的工作将评估极端天气对(1)地下水、水力和地球化学的影响。 条件，(2)泥沙迁移、沉积和与污染物的潜在相互作用，以及(3)分布 潜在暴露点的污染物混合物。基于以前的调查结果和现有的 在基础设施方面，该项目的重点是波多黎各北部的喀斯特地区，这是 Protect的工作是研究暴露在与超级基金相关的多种污染物中对不利环境的影响 妊娠结局。待研究的污染物为邻苯二甲酸盐、杀虫剂、氯化挥发性有机物 化合物和金属，因为它们通常出现在波多黎各喀斯特地区的超级基金遗址 并可能对妊娠结局产生不利影响。拟议的研究将应用创新的数据分析 从数据中挖掘、可视化和提取模式和事实的技术，并利用这些事实 推断并建立基于数据的模型。这些模型将被用来描述和预测极端的影响 天气对地下水和自来水潜在暴露点的混合物分布的影响。这部作品 还将评估岩溶沉积物在极端天气期间污染物去向和迁移中的作用 通过对岩溶洞穴沉积物中与深度有关的特性进行新的分析，研究了岩溶洞穴沉积的深度相关条件。 通过综合多学科方法，该项目将有助于(I)的发展 评估与超级基金有关的多种危险物质暴露风险的创新方法 (项目1和3)及其与不良妊娠结局的关联(项目1和2)；和(2)优化 减少岩溶水中污染物的数量和毒性的技术(项目2和4)。