Impacts of modifiable factors on personal exposures and acute health

可改变因素对个人暴露和急性健康的影响

• 批准号: 10583663
• 负责人: Misti Levy Zamora
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-10 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10583663
• 关键词: Acute; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Automobile Driving; Baltimore; Benzene; Bicycling; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiovascular system; Chemicals; Cities; Commuting; Complement; Data; Dose; Emerging Technologies; Environmental Health; Epidemiologist; Exercise; Exposure to; Forced expiratory volume function; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Hour; Individual; Infrastructure; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Location; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Minor; Monitor; Nitrogen Dioxide; Noise; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Participant; Particulate Matter; Patient Recruitments; Personal Behavior; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Pollution; Positioning Attribute; Publishing; Pulmonary Inflammation; Pulse Pressure; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respiration; Route; Sampling; Scientist; Severities; Silicones; Time; Toluene; Transportation; Travel; Vital capacity; Walking; Work; Workplace; Xylene; ambient air pollution; cohort; dosimetry; ethylbenzene; improved; member; metropolitan; mortality; novel; oxidative DNA damage; pollutant; recruit; respiratory; skills; systemic inflammatory response; toxicant; traffic-related air pollution; urinary

Project Summary My long-term goal is to identify how individuals can mitigate exposures to the deleterious health effects of air pollution through practical lifestyle adjustments. My primary project objective is to investigate how an individual's choices influence personal exposures to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and the corresponding acute health effects. It has been reported that traffic pollutants may cause up to half of all air pollution related mortalities. Despite the burden from such widespread, involuntary exposures, few studies have examined the magnitude of personal exposures due to commuting exposures. A commuter's exposure is dependent on the mode of transport, time of day, route, and fuel type. Public transportation, bicycling, and walking have been promoted as ways to reduce air pollution by reducing the vehicle fleet, yet few studies have examined how exposures would be modified due to a change in the mode of transportation or the subsequent health effects. In this study, 65 participants will be asked to utilize two modes of transportation (car and either bicycle, rail, or bus) during their typical commute over 4 days (two days per mode). During each 24-hr period, the participants will be examined for changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and acute cardiovascular and respiratory endpoints and 7+ pollutants and noise levels will be quantified in real-time. I hypothesize that there will be a significant association between exposure levels and acute health endpoints. An examination will be conducted into whether this association is modified by mode of transport. I will also examine the influence of the time of day an individual chooses to commute to work and exercise outdoors in a second cohort of 75 participants. Since TRAP tends to be most concentrated during two relatively short periods of time (morning and evening rush hours), I hypothesize that altering the time of exposure will notably change personal exposures. This project will bring in a key components of the personal exposure paradigm, an individual's decision- induced reductions in exposure. We will identify modifiable factors/personal choices that can reduce exposures with the objective of identifying which reductions in exposure can lead to meaningful health benefits. This knowledge will enable individuals to make lifestyle choices that can reduce their exposure independent of the ambient air quality or regulatory changes. This will be particularly beneficial in the study location (Baltimore), where the combustion-related mortality rate is highest in the U.S. It is expected that the information obtained in this K99/R00 will be applicable to other metropolitan areas with similar infrastructure. Through this research, my didactic coursework, and the guidance of my mentoring team (comprised of a pulmonologist, a biostatistician, an environmental epidemiologist, and an exposure scientist), I will acquire critical skills required to be a successful, independent researcher in environmental health sciences.

项目摘要 我的长期目标是确定个人如何减轻暴露于空气对健康的有害影响 通过实际的生活方式的调整。我的主要项目目标是研究如何 个人的选择影响个人暴露于交通相关的空气污染物（TRAP）和相应的 严重的健康影响。据报，交通污染物可导致多达一半的空气污染 死亡率尽管如此广泛的非自愿暴露带来了负担，但很少有研究对 通勤暴露导致的个人暴露量。通勤者的暴露程度取决于 运输方式、时间、路线和燃料类型。公共交通、骑自行车和步行已经成为 作为通过减少车辆数量来减少空气污染的方法，但很少有研究探讨如何减少车辆数量。 由于运输方式的改变或随后对健康的影响，暴露量会有所改变。 在这项研究中，65名参与者将被要求使用两种交通方式（汽车和自行车， 铁路或公共汽车）在他们的典型通勤期间超过4天（每种模式两天）。在每24小时期间， 将检查参与者的氧化应激生物标志物和急性心血管疾病的变化， 呼吸终点和7+污染物和噪音水平将实时量化。我假设 暴露水平与急性健康终点之间存在显著关联。将进行一次检查 进行，以确定这种关联是否因运输方式而改变。我还将研究 在第二组75名受试者中， 参与者由于陷阱往往是最集中在两个相对较短的时间内（上午 和晚上高峰时间），我假设改变暴露时间会显着改变个人 暴露。 这个项目将带来一个关键组成部分的个人接触范例，一个人的决定- 减少暴露。我们将确定可以减少暴露的可修改因素/个人选择 目的是确定减少哪些接触可带来有意义的健康益处。这 知识将使个人能够做出生活方式的选择，可以减少他们的接触，而不受环境的影响。 环境空气质量或法规变化。这在研究地点（巴尔的摩）尤其有益， 在美国，与燃烧有关的死亡率最高。 K99/R 00将适用于具有类似基础设施的其他大都市地区。通过这项研究， 我的教学课程，以及我的指导团队的指导（由肺病学家， 生物统计学家，环境流行病学家和接触科学家），我将获得所需的关键技能 成为一名成功的环境健康科学独立研究员