Impacts of modifiable factors on personal exposures and acute health

可改变因素对个人暴露和急性健康的影响

• 批准号: 10583663
• 负责人: Misti Levy Zamora
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-10 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10583663
• 关键词: Acute; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Automobile Driving; Baltimore; Benzene; Bicycling; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiovascular system; Chemicals; Cities; Commuting; Complement; Data; Dose; Emerging Technologies; Environmental Health; Epidemiologist; Exercise; Exposure to; Forced expiratory volume function; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Hour; Individual; Infrastructure; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Lead; Life Style; Location; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Minor; Monitor; Nitrogen Dioxide; Noise; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Participant; Particulate Matter; Patient Recruitments; Personal Behavior; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Pollution; Positioning Attribute; Publishing; Pulmonary Inflammation; Pulse Pressure; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respiration; Route; Sampling; Scientist; Severities; Silicones; Time; Toluene; Transportation; Travel; Vital capacity; Walking; Work; Workplace; Xylene; ambient air pollution; cohort; dosimetry; ethylbenzene; improved; member; metropolitan; mortality; novel; oxidative DNA damage; pollutant; recruit; respiratory; skills; systemic inflammatory response; toxicant; traffic-related air pollution; urinary

Project Summary My long-term goal is to identify how individuals can mitigate exposures to the deleterious health effects of air pollution through practical lifestyle adjustments. My primary project objective is to investigate how an individual's choices influence personal exposures to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and the corresponding acute health effects. It has been reported that traffic pollutants may cause up to half of all air pollution related mortalities. Despite the burden from such widespread, involuntary exposures, few studies have examined the magnitude of personal exposures due to commuting exposures. A commuter's exposure is dependent on the mode of transport, time of day, route, and fuel type. Public transportation, bicycling, and walking have been promoted as ways to reduce air pollution by reducing the vehicle fleet, yet few studies have examined how exposures would be modified due to a change in the mode of transportation or the subsequent health effects. In this study, 65 participants will be asked to utilize two modes of transportation (car and either bicycle, rail, or bus) during their typical commute over 4 days (two days per mode). During each 24-hr period, the participants will be examined for changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and acute cardiovascular and respiratory endpoints and 7+ pollutants and noise levels will be quantified in real-time. I hypothesize that there will be a significant association between exposure levels and acute health endpoints. An examination will be conducted into whether this association is modified by mode of transport. I will also examine the influence of the time of day an individual chooses to commute to work and exercise outdoors in a second cohort of 75 participants. Since TRAP tends to be most concentrated during two relatively short periods of time (morning and evening rush hours), I hypothesize that altering the time of exposure will notably change personal exposures. This project will bring in a key components of the personal exposure paradigm, an individual's decision- induced reductions in exposure. We will identify modifiable factors/personal choices that can reduce exposures with the objective of identifying which reductions in exposure can lead to meaningful health benefits. This knowledge will enable individuals to make lifestyle choices that can reduce their exposure independent of the ambient air quality or regulatory changes. This will be particularly beneficial in the study location (Baltimore), where the combustion-related mortality rate is highest in the U.S. It is expected that the information obtained in this K99/R00 will be applicable to other metropolitan areas with similar infrastructure. Through this research, my didactic coursework, and the guidance of my mentoring team (comprised of a pulmonologist, a biostatistician, an environmental epidemiologist, and an exposure scientist), I will acquire critical skills required to be a successful, independent researcher in environmental health sciences.

项目概要 我的长期目标是确定个人如何减轻接触空气对健康的有害影响 通过实际的生活方式调整来消除污染。我的主要项目目标是调查如何 个人的选择会影响个人对交通相关空气污染物（TRAP）的暴露以及相应的 严重的健康影响。据报道，交通污染物可能造成所有空气污染的一半 死亡率。尽管如此广泛的、非自愿的接触造成了负担，但很少有研究考察过 由于通勤暴露而造成的个人暴露程度。通勤者的暴露程度取决于 运输方式、一天中的时间、路线和燃料类型。公共交通、自行车和步行 提倡通过减少车辆数量来减少空气污染，但很少有研究探讨如何 由于运输方式的变化或随后的健康影响，暴露量会发生变化。 在这项研究中，65 名参与者将被要求使用两种交通方式（汽车和自行车， 铁路或公共汽车）在 4 天（每种方式两天）的典型通勤期间。在每个 24 小时期间， 将检查参与者的氧化应激生物标志物和急性心血管疾病的变化 呼吸终点以及 7 种以上污染物和噪音水平将被实时量化。我假设有 暴露水平与急性健康终点之间存在显着关联。将进行一次考试 调查该关联是否因运输方式而改变。我也会考察一下影响 第二组 75 人中个人选择通勤上班和户外锻炼的时间 参与者。由于 TRAP 往往在两个相对较短的时间段（早上 和晚高峰时间），我假设改变暴露时间将显着改变个人 曝光。 该项目将引入个人暴露范式的关键组成部分，即个人的决定- 导致暴露减少。我们将确定可以减少暴露的可修改因素/个人选择 目的是确定哪些接触减少可以带来有意义的健康益处。这 知识将使个人能够选择生活方式，从而减少接触，而不受环境影响 环境空气质量或法规变化。这对于研究地点（巴尔​​的摩）特别有利， 美国与燃烧相关的死亡率最高。预计获得的信息 该K99/R00将适用于具有类似基础设施的其他大都市区。通过这项研究， 我的教学课程以及我的指导团队（由肺科医生、肺科医生组成）的指导 生物统计学家、环境流行病学家和暴露科学家），我将获得所需的关键技能 成为环境健康科学领域成功的独立研究员。