Assessing the ability of hiCMs to recapitulate patient-specific doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

项目总结

PROJECT SUMMARY Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapy drug commonly used in approximately 60% of pediatric patients with metastatic solid tumors (sarcomas), leukemia, and lymphoma. Treatments using doxorubicin are complicated by its well-established cardiotoxic side effect, which affects approximately 16% of pediatric patients, can lead to heart failure requiring heart transplant, and limits doxorubicin’s clinical utilization. Despite more than 50 years of research in this field, there is still, at present, little potential for either predicting or preventing cardiotoxicity. There is an obvious need for novel and innovative approaches to overcome this hurdle. Candidate gene association studies and genome–wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are statistically correlated with doxorubicin–induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), yet experimental validation of these SNPs has not been feasible due to the difficulty in isolating and culturing human cardiomyocytes in vitro. In our recent work, we showed that patient–specific human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC–CM) are efficient predictors of a patient’s likelihood of developing DIC, confirming for the first time that there is a genomic basis to DIC. Although GWAS has proven to be a powerful methodology for informing such genomic bases, it detects correlation rather than causation, and identified SNPs commonly fail to be replicated in subsequent studies. Here, we hypothesize that hiPSC-CMs can be utilized in three different modalities to study genetic variants associated with DIC: firstly, to discover novel predictive SNPs; secondly, to validate SNPs; and thirdly, to examine the modulated pathways and determine cardioprotective methodologies. In Aim 1, we will recruit 100 pediatric cancer patients who were exposed to doxorubicin (50 who experienced cardiotoxicity and 50 who did not), assess the response of patient-derived hiPSC-CM to doxorubicin to validate our previous findings in a large cohort and confirm this as powerful tool in the field. In Aim 2, we will use these 100 patient-specific lines to identify drug response differential expression quantitative trait loci (deQTL), validate these variants with genome editing, and mechanistically examine pathways causative to DIC susceptibility concentrating on genes with known roles in cardiomyopathy, cardioprotection, and doxorubicin metabolism. In Aim 3, we will interrogate the rigor and reproducibility of 40 existing DIC SNP studies, using CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the gene of interest in a control isogenic hiPSC line then assess the response of hiPSC-CM to doxorubicin. We will also perform lentiviral-based pooled and arrayed whole genome CRISPR-mediated knockout screening to discover genes which modulate the risk of and protection from DIC. Finally, we will use the discoveries above to discover/repurpose genome-informed cardioprotective drugs to prevent DIC. In summary, this work will deliver us the genetic rationale for why patients experience DIC and provide 1, fully human validated SNP data for clinical application, and 2, novel cardioprotective drugs to attenuate DIC.