Impact of Lifestyle Disruptions on Problem Drinking in Young Adulthood

项目摘要 问题饮酒，定义为反复中度至重度饮酒（男性每周3-14杯，男性每周2-7杯 对于女性来说）31，是年轻人的一种常见行为。尽管存在风险，但旨在减少 年轻人有问题的酒精使用只产生适度的影响。一个潜在的原因是， 虽然有许多因素，但饮酒可能成为一种习惯。习惯是在稳定的环境中发生的行为（同样 人，地点，时间），并且独立于意图。相反，习惯依赖于内部和外部 一直与活动相关联的上下文线索39。当线索被打乱时， 也可以灵活地改变。在某种程度上，非病理性的，但有问题的酒精使用可能是习惯性的， 以变化为特征的时期可能为问题饮酒行为的转变提供机会。年轻 成年期就是这样一个多方面生活中断的时期，其特点往往是习惯的改变- 持续线索，包括环境、社交网络和活动。因此，青年可能是一个 将意图转化为变革的独特“机会之窗”39.该项目旨在：（1）确定 问题饮酒可以作为一种习惯; 2）确定习惯性问题饮酒是否可以在 转换;以及3）确定是否费力的过程（例如，意图，自我调节）取代习惯 当线索被打乱时。拟议的项目将涉及参与者招募、数据收集和 分析了两项研究。研究将利用参加大型项目的参与者人群， 赞助商的NIDA资助的中心，以及以前从中心收集的数据和资源。的 申请人的长期职业目标是从多学科角度研究药物使用 并有能力与翻译研究学者沟通，为预防和干预工作提供信息， 最终减少酒精使用对个人和社会的影响。申请人的具体培训目标 涉及补充目前的社会科学，研究设计和统计培训：1）获得 酒精使用的神经生物学知识及其对发育中大脑的影响; 2）应用强化 为日常生活中的酒精使用研究提供纵向方法和数据分析; 3）获得基础 预防科学和转化研究的知识，因为它涉及到酒精的使用; 4）提高技能， 出版，传播和网络;和5）获得进一步的培训，在赠款写作。拟议 战略性地制定了培训计划，以加速申请人作为独立社会成员的发展 科学研究员，具有多学科方法和酒精使用知识，以及测试技能 使用不同的设计和分析策略的复杂模型。

PROJECT SUMMARY Problem drinking, defined as recurrent moderate-to-heavy drinking (3-14 drinks/week for men, 2-7 drinks/week for women)31, is a common behavior in young adulthood. Despite risks, interventions aimed at reducing problematic alcohol use among young adults yield only modest effects. One potential reason is that, among many contributing factors, drinking can be a habit37. Habits are behaviors that occur in stable contexts (same people, places, times), and that are independent of intentions. Instead, habits rely on internal and external contextual cues that have been consistently associated with the activity39. When cues are disrupted, habits are also flexible to change. To the extent that non-pathological, yet problematic alcohol use can be habitual, periods characterized by changes could open opportunities for shifts in problem drinking behavior. Young adulthood is one such period of multiple life disruptions and is often characterized by changes to habit- sustaining cues, including environments, social networks, and activities. Young adulthood may thus be a unique “window of opportunity” for translating intentions into change39. This project aims to 1) identify whether problem drinking can function as a habit; 2) identify whether habitual problem drinking can be disrupted during transitions; and to 3) determine whether effortful processes (e.g., intentions, self-regulation) supersede habits when cues are disrupted. The proposed project will involve participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis for two studies. Studies will leverage a participant population enrolled in a large project maintained by the Sponsor’s NIDA-funded Center, as well as previously collected data and resources from the Center. The applicant’s long-term career goal is to approach the study of substance use from multidisciplinary perspectives and to capably communicate with translational research scholars to inform prevention and intervention efforts, ultimately reducing the impact of alcohol use on individuals and society. The applicant’s specific training goals involve complementing current training in social sciences, research design, and statistics by: 1) gaining knowledge of the neurobiology of alcohol use and its effect on the developing brain; 2) application of intensive longitudinal methods and data analysis for the study of alcohol use in daily life; 3) gaining foundational knowledge of prevention science and translational research as it relates to alcohol use; 4) enhancing skills in publication, dissemination, and networking; and 5) gaining further training in grant writing. The proposed training plan was strategically developed to accelerate the applicant’s development as an independent social sciences researcher with a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge of alcohol use, as well as skills to test complex models using diverse designs and analytical strategies.