Promoting Recreation Time among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail

项目摘要 每年有900多万美国人被关在监狱里。在这些人中，60%是种族/民族 少数民族和社会经济弱势群体。在农村被监禁的人中， 县监狱，有高比例的焦虑，高血压，睡眠质量差，而监禁。物理 活动（PA）可以减轻这些结果，并立即。一次中度到剧烈的PA可以改善 焦虑症状、降低血压并改善当天的睡眠。尽管有这些 福利，超过75%的人被监禁在监狱不参加娱乐时间（rec-time），一个结构化的时间 专用于PA。在那些参加Rec-time的人中，超过一半的人久坐不动， 在监狱里进行，以促进PA。拟议研究的科学目标是开发和 测试个人之间的强大的身体活动计划的可行性和初步影响， 被关进监狱我们假设，居住在分配给干预组的住房单元中的个人 具有较高的出勤率、PA水平、自我效能感、PA的期望值和价值观、感知行为 其他人，睡眠质量，以及较低的压力，焦虑和抑郁症状相比，个人 居住在分配给控制臂的住房单位。我们将确定社会的基本理论结构 认知理论（SCT，即，自我效能，社会支持，自我调节，行为能力，结果 期望，环境），以及行为和文化属性的个人被监禁 通过焦点小组和关键信息提供者，提高公共行政项目的文化相关性和有效性 采访从形成性研究、监狱管理部门对实施可行性的投入， 从个人的参与被监禁的可接受性，我们将制定一个强大的PA计划，以促进重建， 时间出勤率和增加个人监禁的PA。一旦开发完成，我们将确定可行性 PA计划的初步影响，使用双臂随机分组对照试验随机化18 干预组或对照组。研究结果包括： 记录时间、自我效能、对PA的期望和价值、对他人行为的感知、睡眠质量、压力、焦虑， 和抑郁症即使是一次PA的潜在个人收益也是巨大的。提供个人 有机会参加并在休息时间进行身体活动可能会改善矫正人员的健康状况。 机构职能体系这项研究计划是由一个培训计划，建立在申请人的背景， 流行病学，包括（1）定性和混合方法，（2）干预措施的制定， 实施和评价;（3）临床试验。联合研究和培训计划将编制 申请人成功的，独立的研究生涯，重点是确定方法，以促进PA和 减少被监禁人口之间的相关健康差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY More than 9 million Americans are incarcerated in jail each year. Of these individuals, 60% are racial/ethnic minorities and are from socioeconomic disadvantaged populations. Among individuals incarcerated in a rural, county jail, there are high rates of anxiety, hypertension, and poor sleep quality while incarcerated. Physical activity (PA) can mitigate these outcomes and be immediate. A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous PA improves anxiety symptoms, decreases blood pressure, and improves sleep on the day it is performed. Despite these benefits, over 75% of individuals incarcerated in jail do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a structured time dedicated for PA. Of those who attended rec-time, over half were sedentary and no interventions have been conducted in the jail setting to promote PA. The scientific objective of the proposed research is to develop and test the feasibility and preliminary impact of a robust physical activity program among individuals while incarcerated in jail. We hypothesize that individuals residing in housing units assigned to the intervention arm will have higher rec-time attendance, PA levels, self-efficacy, expectations and values of PA, perceived behavior of others, sleep quality, as well as lower stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms as compared to individuals residing in housing units assigned to the control arm. We will identify essential theoretical constructs of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT, i.e., self-efficacy, social support, self-regulation, behavioral capability, outcome expectations, environment), as well as behavioral and cultural attributes of PA among individuals incarcerated to enhance the cultural relevance and effectiveness of a PA program through focus groups and key informant interviews. From formative research, input from jail administration on feasibility of implementation, and involvement from individuals incarcerated on acceptability, we will develop a robust PA program to promote rec- time attendance and increase PA among individuals incarcerated. Once developed, we will determine feasibility preliminary impact of a PA program using a two-armed clustered randomized control trial to randomize 18 housing units to either an intervention or control arm. Study outcomes include rec-time attendance, PA levels at rec-time, self-efficacy, expectations and values of PA, perceived behavior of others, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. The potential individual gains from even one bout of PA are substantial. Providing individuals opportunities to attend and be physically active during rec-time may improve health conditions in correctional institutions. This research plan is complemented by a training plan that builds on the applicant’s background in epidemiology that includes new training in (1) qualitative and mixed methods, (2) intervention development, implementation, and evaluation, and (3) clinical trials. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful, independent research career focused on identifying approaches to promote PA and reduce related health disparities among incarcerated populations.