Promoting Recreation Time among Individuals Incarcerated in Jail

项目总结 每年有900多万美国人被监禁在监狱里。在这些人中，60%是种族/民族 他们属于少数群体，来自社会经济上处于不利地位的人群。在被监禁在农村的个人中， 在县监狱，监狱中焦虑、高血压和睡眠质量差的比例很高。物理 活动(PA)可以缓解这些结果，而且是立竿见影的。一轮中等到剧烈的PA可以改善 焦虑症状，降低血压，并在实施当天改善睡眠。尽管如此 福利方面，超过75%的被监禁人员没有参加娱乐时间(rec-time)，这是一种有计划的时间 专为PA而设。在参加娱乐活动的人中，超过一半的人是久坐不动的，没有进行任何干预。 在监狱环境中进行，以推广PA。拟议研究的科学目标是开发和开发 在个人中测试健壮的体力活动计划的可行性和初步影响 被监禁在监狱里。我们假设，居住在分配给干预部队的住房单元中的个人 会有更高的出席率、PA水平、自我效能感、PA的期望值和价值观、感知行为 与其他人相比，睡眠质量以及较低的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状 居住在分配给控制臂的住房单元中。我们将确定社会的基本理论构思 认知理论(SCT，即自我效能感、社会支持、自我调节、行为能力、结果 期望、环境)，以及被监禁个人的行为和文化属性 通过焦点小组和关键信息者提高PA方案的文化相关性和有效性 采访。来自形成性研究，监狱管理部门对实施的可行性的意见，以及 来自被监禁的个人的参与，我们将制定一个强有力的PA计划，以促进可接受性- 在被监禁的个人中，出勤时间和增加PA。一旦开发完成，我们将确定可行性 使用双臂群集化随机对照试验的PA计划的初步影响 住房单位被转移到干预或控制部门。研究结果包括记录时间出勤率，PA水平在 记录时间、自我效能、PA的期望和价值、他人的感知行为、睡眠质量、压力、焦虑、 和抑郁症。即使是一轮PA，个人潜在的收益也是巨大的。为个人提供 在娱乐时间参加和参加体育活动的机会可能会改善教养所的健康状况 机构。这项研究计划是以申请者的背景为基础的培训计划的补充 流行病学，包括新的培训(1)定性和混合方法，(2)干预发展， 实施和评估，以及(3)临床试验。综合研究和培训计划将为 申请人成功的，独立的研究职业生涯，重点是确定促进PA和 减少被监禁人口之间的相关健康差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY More than 9 million Americans are incarcerated in jail each year. Of these individuals, 60% are racial/ethnic minorities and are from socioeconomic disadvantaged populations. Among individuals incarcerated in a rural, county jail, there are high rates of anxiety, hypertension, and poor sleep quality while incarcerated. Physical activity (PA) can mitigate these outcomes and be immediate. A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous PA improves anxiety symptoms, decreases blood pressure, and improves sleep on the day it is performed. Despite these benefits, over 75% of individuals incarcerated in jail do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a structured time dedicated for PA. Of those who attended rec-time, over half were sedentary and no interventions have been conducted in the jail setting to promote PA. The scientific objective of the proposed research is to develop and test the feasibility and preliminary impact of a robust physical activity program among individuals while incarcerated in jail. We hypothesize that individuals residing in housing units assigned to the intervention arm will have higher rec-time attendance, PA levels, self-efficacy, expectations and values of PA, perceived behavior of others, sleep quality, as well as lower stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms as compared to individuals residing in housing units assigned to the control arm. We will identify essential theoretical constructs of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT, i.e., self-efficacy, social support, self-regulation, behavioral capability, outcome expectations, environment), as well as behavioral and cultural attributes of PA among individuals incarcerated to enhance the cultural relevance and effectiveness of a PA program through focus groups and key informant interviews. From formative research, input from jail administration on feasibility of implementation, and involvement from individuals incarcerated on acceptability, we will develop a robust PA program to promote rec- time attendance and increase PA among individuals incarcerated. Once developed, we will determine feasibility preliminary impact of a PA program using a two-armed clustered randomized control trial to randomize 18 housing units to either an intervention or control arm. Study outcomes include rec-time attendance, PA levels at rec-time, self-efficacy, expectations and values of PA, perceived behavior of others, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. The potential individual gains from even one bout of PA are substantial. Providing individuals opportunities to attend and be physically active during rec-time may improve health conditions in correctional institutions. This research plan is complemented by a training plan that builds on the applicant’s background in epidemiology that includes new training in (1) qualitative and mixed methods, (2) intervention development, implementation, and evaluation, and (3) clinical trials. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful, independent research career focused on identifying approaches to promote PA and reduce related health disparities among incarcerated populations.