Gender Differences in Physical Activity Opportunities and Impacts While Incarcerated

项目摘要 美国经历了前所未有的监禁流行病。超过900万美国人 监狱（关押候审和短期服刑人员的设施）。的 其中，大约20%是女性。然而，妇女入狱人数的增长率是 男人妇女进入的机构很少考虑到基于性别的差异， 健康需求导致短期和长期身心健康状况不佳。监禁的妇女 慢性病、精神疾病和药物依赖的负担高于男性，包括 在一般人群中男性更常见的情况。体力活动（PA）可以缓解贫困 健康的结果，并有直接的影响。一次中度到剧烈的PA可以改善焦虑 症状，降低血压，并改善睡眠的一天，它是执行。尽管有这些好处， 缺乏身体活动是被监禁者经历的最常见的心血管风险因素。 个体监狱可以提供休闲时间和与工作有关的机会进行身体活动， 机会因性别而异。根据政策和实践，监狱可能会提供娱乐时间， 非结构化的时间专用于休闲时间PA。然而，75%的被监禁者不参加康复中心， 更多的妇女报告说，缺课率较高。在与工作有关的个人保护方面也存在差距 在监禁期间，妇女和男子在获得工作分配方面存在差距。 然而，没有关于男女同校学生在获得与休闲和工作相关的私人助理机会方面的差异的研究 监狱以及PA如何在监禁期间和之后影响健康。建议的科学目标 研究的目的是确定2个男女同校的县监狱中PA机会的性别差异，并检查其影响 在监禁期间和释放后的健康状况差异。我们假设，与男性相比， 在男女混合监狱中，妇女获得私人助理的机会较少，导致身心健康状况较差 在监禁期间和之后。我们将采访监狱工作人员和被监禁的个人，以确定休闲， 与工作有关的私人助理机会和政策在2北方亚利桑那州监狱。我们将构建一个为期一年的前瞻性 一组500名男性和女性被监禁在2个北方亚利桑那州监狱，以了解基于性别的差异 在被监禁期间，在PA中花费的时间和久坐时间的模式以及这些模式如何影响身体 以及监禁期间和之后的心理健康。最后，使用从前瞻性队列中收集的数据， 新的参数g公式，我们将估计现实的，模拟PA干预的可能影响， 改善健康成果。在监狱中获得增加PA的机会是一个健康公平问题。收集 主要的纵向数据，为模拟干预措施提供信息，这些干预措施有望影响 监狱将向监狱管理部门提供信息，以便提出方案和政策改革建议。

PROJECT SUMMARY The US has experienced an unparalleled epidemic of incarceration. More than 9 million Americans are incarcerated in jail (facilities housing individuals awaiting trial and serving short sentences) each year. Of these, about 20% are women. However, the rate of growth for imprisonment among women is twice that of men. Women are entering into institutions designed with little consideration for differences in gender-based health needs that contributes to poor short- and long-term physical and mental health. Women incarcerated have a higher burden of chronic conditions, psychiatric disorders, and drug dependence than men, including conditions found more commonly in men in the general population. Physical activity (PA) can mitigate poor health outcomes and have immediate effects. A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous PA improves anxiety symptoms, decreases blood pressure, and improves sleep on the day it is performed. Despite these benefits, physical inactivity is the single most common cardiovascular risk factor experienced by incarcerated individuals. Jails may provide leisure-time and work-related opportunities to be physically active, but opportunities vary by sex. Depending on policies and practices, jails may provide recreation time, an unstructured time dedicated to leisure-time PA. However, 75% of individuals incarcerated do not attend rec- time, with more women reporting higher rates of non-attendance. There are also disparities in work-related PA opportunities while incarcerated, including disparities in work assignment availability for women and men. However, there is no research about differential access to leisure and work-related PA opportunities in co-ed jails and how PA impacts health during and after incarceration. The scientific objective of the proposed research is to determine gender disparities in PA opportunities in 2 co-ed county jails and examine the impact of these disparities on health while incarcerated and after release. We hypothesize that, compared to men, women will have lower access to PA opportunities in co-ed jails leading to poorer mental and physical health during and after incarceration. We will interview jail staff and individuals incarcerated to determine leisure and work-related PA opportunities and policies in 2 northern Arizona jails. We will construct a 1-year prospective cohort of 500 men and women incarcerated at 2 northern Arizona jails to understand gender-based differences in patterns of time spent in PA and sedentary time while incarcerated and how those patterns impact physical and mental health during and after incarceration. Finally, using data collected from the prospective cohort and the novel parametric g-formula, we will estimate the probable impact of realistic, simulated PA interventions to improve health outcomes. Access to opportunities to increase PA in jails is a health equity issue. The collection of primary, longitudinal data to inform simulated interventions that hold promise to impact PA among women in jails will provide information to the jails’ administration for recommended programmatic and policy changes.