Expanding the toolbox for tsetse control in Kenya

扩大肯尼亚采采蝇控制的工具箱

• 批准号: 10602508
• 负责人: Paul O Mireji
• 金额: $ 14.91万
• 依托单位: BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE-KALRO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-05 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10602508
• 关键词: Acetone; Acids; Address; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Agriculture; Animals; Area; Biological Assay; Biotechnology; Blood; Cattle; Chemicals; Cresol; Disease; Domestic Pig; Eastern Africa; Ecology; Electrophysiology (science); Encapsulated; Environmental Wind; Family suidae; Fermentation; Formulation; Friends; Goals; Human; Insecticides; Kenya; Laboratories; Legal patent; Livestock; Lizards; Masks; Mass Fragmentography; Molecular; Monitor; Odors; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Predisposition; Proxy; Public Health Schools; Refractory; Research; Research Institute; Risk; Role; Sahara; Services; Smell Perception; Source; Testing; Training; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Universities; Urine; Vaccines; Vertebrates; analog; behavioral response; beta-Cyclodextrins; controlled release; cost; disorder control; efficacy evaluation; fly; improved; interest; multidisciplinary; nagana; nanoparticle; novel; research and development; tool; transmission process; vector

This application focuses on expanding toolbox for control tsetse fly by formulating eco-friendly novel odor attractant and repellent blends against major tsetse vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in eastern Africa. Eastern Africa is under continuous risk of rhodesiense HAT and AAT transmitted by different tsetse species, including Glossina austeni (Gau), Glossina pallidipes(Gpd), and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff). Tsetse control strategies constitute cornerstones efforts in suppression and eradication of HAT and AAT that can be augmented by effective 1) tsetse lures that attract the flies to traps or insecticide-treated targets, and 2) repellents that minimize contact between flies and their vertebrate hosts. We formulated Novel Attractant Blend (NAB) (ε-nonalactone, nonanoic acid, 2-nonanone and acetone) from waterbuck and buffalo odors that is 1) two- and five-folds more effective against Gau and Gpd, respectively, than POCA (3-propylphenol, octenol, p-cresol and acetone) standard tsetse attractant, 2) 2.4 folds more attractive to Gpd than Fermented Cow Urine (FCU) + acetone (proxy for natural bovine host odor), and 3) seven-fold more attractive to Gpd than POCA when co- deployed with FCU and acetone. We are interested in comparing the performance of NAB with that of natural hosts (cattle) on Gpd and identify other host odor constituents that may enhance the attraction of NAB. There are no effective attractants against Gff while POCA and NAB are suboptimal against Gau, relative to Gpd. We confirmed attraction of Gff by monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus niloticus) and established role of olfaction in the attraction. Gau preferentially feed on bush pig (Potamochoerus larvatus). We are interested in formulating Gff and Gau repellents from monitor lizard and bushpig hosts and integrating their application with NAB for efficacy against multiple (sympatric) species. We also established repellence of Gau by FCU+Acetone and formulated Novel Repellent Blend (NRB) (δ-nonalactone, heptanoic acid, 4- methylguaiacol and geranyl acetone) based on tsetse-refractory waterbuck odor that is effective against most savannah species and two-fold more efficacious than current WRC-icipe blend against these species. We are interested in formulating Gau specific repellents from FCU constituents, evaluate its synergistic effects on NRB through co-deployment and assess efficacy of NRB and Gau repellent in protection of vertebrates, from tsetse, with oxen and domestic pig as proxy. We will extend the efficacy and application of the repellent/attractant blends by masking them with fragrance and micro encapsulating them in nano-particles. We will thus formulate 1) Gff and Gau specific attractants and integrate them with NAB for control of sympatric tsetse populations and 2) Gau repellent and integrate it with NRB and NAB for protection of vertebrate hosts from sympatric tsetse in Kenya as consortium comprising of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization and Kenya Wildlife Services in Kenya , and Yale University in USA.

该应用的重点是通过配制环保的新颖气味来扩展控制采采蝇的工具箱 针对非洲人类锥虫病 (HAT) 主要采采蝇媒介的引诱剂和驱避剂混合物 东非的非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）。东非持续面临风险 罗得西亚 HAT 和 AAT 由不同采采蝇物种传播，包括奥氏舌蝇 (Gau)、 Glossina pallidipes (Gpd) 和 Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff)。采采蝇控制策略构成 抑制和根除 HAT 和 AAT 的基石努力可通过有效的措施得到加强 1) 将苍蝇吸引到陷阱或经过杀虫剂处理的目标的采采蝇诱饵，以及 2) 尽量减少接触的驱虫剂 苍蝇和它们的脊椎动物宿主之间。我们配制了新型引诱剂混合物 (NAB)（ε-九内酯， 水羚和水牛气味中的壬酸、2-壬酮和丙酮）是 1) 两倍和五倍 分别比 POCA（3-丙基苯酚、辛烯醇、对甲酚和 丙酮）标准采采蝇引诱剂，2）对 Gpd 的吸引力是发酵牛尿 (FCU) 的 2.4 倍 + 丙酮（天然牛宿主气味的代表），以及 3) 与 POCA 共存时，对 Gpd 的吸引力是 POCA 的七倍 使用 FCU 和丙酮进行部署。我们有兴趣将 NAB 的性能与天然的性能进行比较 Gpd 上的宿主（牛）并识别可能增强 NAB 吸引力的其他宿主气味成分。那里 对于 Gff 没有有效的引诱剂，而相对于 Gpd，POCA 和 NAB 对于 Gau 来说不是最理想的。 确认巨蜥(Varanus niloticus niloticus)的Gff的吸引力，确立了嗅觉的作用 在景点中。 Gau 优先以灌木猪（Potamochoerus larvatus）为食。我们感兴趣的是 从巨蜥和丛林猪宿主身上配制 Gff 和 Gau 驱虫剂并整合其应用 与 NAB 一起对多种（同域）物种有效。我们还通过以下方式建立了对 Gau 的排斥 FCU+丙酮和配制的新型驱虫剂混合物 (NRB)（δ-九内酯、庚酸、4- 甲基愈创木酚和香叶基丙酮）基于采采蝇难降解的羚羊气味，可有效对抗大多数 萨凡纳物种，比目前的 WRC-icipe 混合物对抗这些物种的效果高两倍。我们 有兴趣从 FCU 成分中配制 Gau 特异性驱虫剂，评估其协同效应 通过共同部署对 NRB 进行评估，并评估 NRB 和 Gau 驱避剂在保护脊椎动物方面的功效， 来自采采蝇，以牛和家猪为代表。我们将扩大其功效和应用 通过用香料掩盖它们并将它们微封装在纳米颗粒中，形成驱虫剂/引诱剂混合物。 因此，我们将制定 1) Gff 和 Gau 特异性引诱剂，并将它们与 NAB 结合以控制同域 采采蝇种群和 2) Gau 驱避剂并将其与 NRB 和 NAB 结合以保护脊椎动物宿主 来自肯尼亚同域采采蝇，作为由肯尼亚农业和畜牧研究组成的财团 肯尼亚的组织和肯尼亚野生动物服务机构以及美国的耶鲁大学。