Expanding the toolbox for tsetse control in Kenya

扩大肯尼亚采采蝇控制的工具箱

• 批准号: 10602508
• 负责人: Paul O Mireji
• 金额: $ 14.91万
• 依托单位: BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE-KALRO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-05 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10602508
• 关键词: Acetone; Acids; Address; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Agriculture; Animals; Area; Biological Assay; Biotechnology; Blood; Cattle; Chemicals; Cresol; Disease; Domestic Pig; Eastern Africa; Ecology; Electrophysiology (science); Encapsulated; Environmental Wind; Family suidae; Fermentation; Formulation; Friends; Goals; Human; Insecticides; Kenya; Laboratories; Legal patent; Livestock; Lizards; Masks; Mass Fragmentography; Molecular; Monitor; Odors; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Predisposition; Proxy; Public Health Schools; Refractory; Research; Research Institute; Risk; Role; Sahara; Services; Smell Perception; Source; Testing; Training; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Universities; Urine; Vaccines; Vertebrates; analog; behavioral response; beta-Cyclodextrins; controlled release; cost; disorder control; efficacy evaluation; fly; improved; interest; multidisciplinary; nagana; nanoparticle; novel; research and development; tool; transmission process; vector

This application focuses on expanding toolbox for control tsetse fly by formulating eco-friendly novel odor attractant and repellent blends against major tsetse vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in eastern Africa. Eastern Africa is under continuous risk of rhodesiense HAT and AAT transmitted by different tsetse species, including Glossina austeni (Gau), Glossina pallidipes(Gpd), and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff). Tsetse control strategies constitute cornerstones efforts in suppression and eradication of HAT and AAT that can be augmented by effective 1) tsetse lures that attract the flies to traps or insecticide-treated targets, and 2) repellents that minimize contact between flies and their vertebrate hosts. We formulated Novel Attractant Blend (NAB) (ε-nonalactone, nonanoic acid, 2-nonanone and acetone) from waterbuck and buffalo odors that is 1) two- and five-folds more effective against Gau and Gpd, respectively, than POCA (3-propylphenol, octenol, p-cresol and acetone) standard tsetse attractant, 2) 2.4 folds more attractive to Gpd than Fermented Cow Urine (FCU) + acetone (proxy for natural bovine host odor), and 3) seven-fold more attractive to Gpd than POCA when co- deployed with FCU and acetone. We are interested in comparing the performance of NAB with that of natural hosts (cattle) on Gpd and identify other host odor constituents that may enhance the attraction of NAB. There are no effective attractants against Gff while POCA and NAB are suboptimal against Gau, relative to Gpd. We confirmed attraction of Gff by monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus niloticus) and established role of olfaction in the attraction. Gau preferentially feed on bush pig (Potamochoerus larvatus). We are interested in formulating Gff and Gau repellents from monitor lizard and bushpig hosts and integrating their application with NAB for efficacy against multiple (sympatric) species. We also established repellence of Gau by FCU+Acetone and formulated Novel Repellent Blend (NRB) (δ-nonalactone, heptanoic acid, 4- methylguaiacol and geranyl acetone) based on tsetse-refractory waterbuck odor that is effective against most savannah species and two-fold more efficacious than current WRC-icipe blend against these species. We are interested in formulating Gau specific repellents from FCU constituents, evaluate its synergistic effects on NRB through co-deployment and assess efficacy of NRB and Gau repellent in protection of vertebrates, from tsetse, with oxen and domestic pig as proxy. We will extend the efficacy and application of the repellent/attractant blends by masking them with fragrance and micro encapsulating them in nano-particles. We will thus formulate 1) Gff and Gau specific attractants and integrate them with NAB for control of sympatric tsetse populations and 2) Gau repellent and integrate it with NRB and NAB for protection of vertebrate hosts from sympatric tsetse in Kenya as consortium comprising of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization and Kenya Wildlife Services in Kenya , and Yale University in USA.

该应用程序的重点是扩大工具箱控制采采蝇通过制定生态友好的新气味 针对非洲锥虫（HAT）主要采采蝇媒介的引诱剂和驱避剂混合物， 非洲动物锥虫（AAT）在非洲东部。东非持续面临 罗得西亚HAT和AAT由不同的采采蝇物种传播，包括Glossina pastii（Gau）， 苍白柄舌螺（Glossina pallidipes）（Gpd）和褐柄舌螺（Glossina fuscipes fuscipes）（Gff）。采采蝇控制策略构成 * 作为制止和根除HAT和AAT的基石，可通过以下措施加强： 采采蝇诱饵，吸引苍蝇到陷阱或经杀虫剂处理的目标，和2）驱虫剂，尽量减少接触 苍蝇和它们的脊椎动物宿主之间的关系。我们配制了新型引诱剂混合物（NAB）（ε-壬内酯， 壬酸、2-壬酮和丙酮），其1）是来自水羚和布法罗的气味的两倍和五倍 对Gau和Gpd分别比波卡（3-丙基苯酚、辛烯醇、对甲酚和 丙酮）标准采采蝇引诱剂; 2）对Gpd的引诱力是发酵牛尿（FCU）+的2.4倍 丙酮（天然牛宿主气味的代理），和3）7倍更有吸引力的GPD比波卡时，共- 使用了FCU和丙酮我们感兴趣的是比较NAB的性能与自然 宿主（牛）对GPD的影响，并确定其他可能增强NAB吸引力的宿主气味成分。那里 相对于Gpd，波卡和NAB对Gff没有有效的引诱剂，而对Gau次优。 我们证实了Gff的吸引力的巨蜥（Varanus niloticus niloticus）和建立嗅觉的作用 在吸引力。高优先以丛林猪（Potamochoerus larvatus）为食。我们有兴趣 从巨蜥和野猪宿主中配制Gff和Gau驱避剂并整合它们的应用 与NAB一起用于对抗多个（同域）物种的功效。我们还建立了排斥高， FCU+丙酮和配制的新型驱避剂混合物（NRB）（δ-壬内酯、庚酸、4-甲基戊二酸） 甲基愈创木酚和香叶基丙酮），其基于有效对抗大多数 萨凡纳物种和两倍更有效的比目前的WRC-icipe混合物对这些物种。我们 有兴趣从FCU成分中配制Gau特异性驱避剂，评估其协同效应 通过共同部署，评估NRB和Gau驱避剂在保护脊椎动物方面的功效， 采采蝇，以牛和家猪为代表。我们将扩大 驱避剂/引诱剂混合物通过用芳香剂掩蔽它们并将它们微囊化在纳米颗粒中。 因此，我们将配制1）Gff和Gau特异性引诱剂，并将其与NAB整合用于控制同域性 采采蝇种群和2）Gau驱避剂，并将其与NRB和NAB整合用于保护脊椎动物宿主 来自肯尼亚同域采采蝇，由肯尼亚农业和畜牧业研究所组成的联合体 组织和肯尼亚野生动物服务，在肯尼亚和耶鲁大学在美国。