Cortical Dynamics Underlying Interactive Language Use

项目摘要/摘要 这个项目将研究为口语服务的话语计划背后的神经机制。 互动。我们假设，在特定的大脑皮层部位，与计划相关的活动使快速发声 流畅的人类对话所必需的交流。为了验证这一假设，我们将确定规划区域 使用皮质脑电图术(ECoG)，一种具有足够的时间和空间精度的技术来定位 受试者在受控互动和非结构化对话中的神经反应。在……里面 根据初步数据，我们发现额叶下回(IFG；包含布罗卡区)内的活动通常是 与话语计划有关。我们将通过分离两种语言处理来表征皮层脑电反应 以及这些响应的语音输出缓冲器(即，工作记忆)组件。然后我们将确定 通过检查互补性产生的行为影响来确定与计划相关的活动的重要性 可逆性大脑皮层紊乱。 在目标1中，我们将使用皮层脑电来测试我们的假设，即特定的皮质部位参与了语音选择性 在受控交互(即，问答范例)以及自然的运动规划中， 与行为相关的谈话。 在目标2中，我们将使用两种不同的方法将话语规划分解为其组成部分：(1)a 与言语(相对于其他运动行为)的相关性越来越大的命令-反应模式 确定这些反应可以被描述为语言处理的程度和(2)a 可变延迟图片命名任务分离被观察对象的语音输出缓冲成分 计划活动。 在目标3中，我们将通过测量 在规划区域的瞬时扰动之后发生的行为缺陷。直接皮质刺激 将被用来以高时间精度中断计划活动。轻度局灶性脑表面降温将是 作为调整计划活动的时间动态的补充方法。 从我们的研究中，我们将研究大脑皮质网络，使声音相互作用更好地理解 转向背后的神经机制，更广泛的目标是通知未来的治疗 旨在解决影响人类社交语言使用的临床情况的干预措施。

Project Summary/Abstract This project will investigate the neural mechanisms underlying utterance planning in the service of spoken interactions. We hypothesize that planning-related activity within specific cortical sites enables the rapid vocal exchanges necessary for fluent human conversation. To test this hypothesis, we will identify planning regions using electrocorticography (ECoG), a technique with sufficient temporal and spatial precision to localize neural responses in subjects engaged in both controlled interactions and unstructured conversation. In preliminary data, we found that activity within the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; containing Broca’s region) is often tied to utterance planning. We will characterize ECoG responses by isolating both the linguistic processing and phonological output buffer (i.e., working memory) components of these responses. We will then determine the importance of planning-related activity by examining behavioral effects that result from complementary reversible cortical perturbations. In Aim 1, we will use ECoG to test our hypothesis that specific cortical sites are involved in speech-selective motor planning in both controlled interactions (i.e., a question-answer paradigm) as well as natural, ethologically-relevant conversation. In Aim 2, we will dissect utterance planning into its component parts using two different approaches: (1) a ‘command-response’ paradigm with increasing relevance to speech (as opposed to other motor acts) to determine the degree to which these responses can be characterized as linguistic processing and (2) a variable delay picture naming task to isolate the phonological output buffering component of the observed planning activity. In Aim 3, we will assess the necessity of planning-related activity for vocal interactions by measuring the behavioral deficits that occur following transient perturbations of planning regions. Direct cortical stimulation will be used to disrupt planning activity with high temporal precision. Mild focal brain surface cooling will be used as a complementary method of modulating the temporal dynamics of planning activity. From our studies, we will investigate the cortical network enabling vocal interactions to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying turn-taking with the broader goal of informing future therapeutic interventions designed to address the clinical conditions affecting human social language use.