Reservoir features associated with time-to-rebound during analytical treatment interruption

项目摘要/摘要(项目3) 联合抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)可以抑制艾滋病毒复制并降低死亡率 在感染艾滋病毒的人身上。然而，抗逆转录病毒疗法并不能消除艾滋病毒感染细胞的储存库，而且在 如果治疗中断或停止，病毒通常会在几周内从这个蓄水池反弹。虽然 长期以来，病毒库一直被认为是治愈艾滋病毒的主要障碍，这是 病毒反弹，以及反弹能力强的储藏细胞的性质，仍然知之甚少。在这个项目中， 我们假设病毒转录活性和存储细胞的免疫状态都是关键决定因素。 当ART停止时，病毒反弹所需的时间，以及这些特征将定义早期目标 在反弹时感染的可能性。为了验证这一假设，我们将实现各种高维的单维- 用细胞分析技术确定艾滋病病毒储存细胞的转录状态和表型特征 作为正在进行的试验的一部分，艾滋病毒携带者(PLWH)正在接受分析治疗中断(ATI)。这些 包括确诊后早期开始治疗的个人(急性感染的Fiebigs I-V)和那些 在感染的慢性期开始治疗。在目标1中，基于ddPCR和病毒测序 方法将被用来表征储存细胞的完整性和艾滋病毒转录活性，而 新的单细胞方法将被用来询问转录活性和可诱导的表型 储集层细胞。这些信息将与病毒从这些病毒反弹所需的时间相关联 个人。这些人将在治疗中断的过程中按顺序广泛抽样 为了更好地了解反弹时发生的早期事件，将在 目标2。最后，目标3将使用类似的技术来描述另外两组正在接受 ATI，但在旨在通过免疫实现功能性治愈的基于治愈的干预措施的背景下 调制。总体而言，这项研究将深入了解反弹的病毒和宿主细胞特征- 并将这一知识与ART期间病毒反弹所需的时间联系起来 中断，在正在进行的非干预性和干预性基于治愈的临床试验的背景下。

Project Summary/Abstract (Project 3) Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress HIV replication and lead to decreased mortality in HIV-infected individuals. However, ART does not eliminate the reservoir of HIV-infected cells, and upon treatment interruption or cessation, virus typically rebounds from this reservoir within several weeks. Although the viral reservoir has long been recognized as the main barrier to curing HIV, the basic mechanisms underlying viral rebound, and the nature of the rebound-competent reservoir cells, remain poorly understood. In this Project, we hypothesize that both viral transcriptionally activity and immune states of reservoir cells are key determinants of the time it takes for virus to rebound when ART is stopped, and that these features will define the early targets of infection at the time of rebound. To test this hypothesis, we will implement a variety of high-dimensional single- cell analysis techniques to define the HIV transcriptional state and phenotypic features of HIV reservoir cells in people living with HIV (PLWH) undergoing analytical treatment interruption (ATI) as part of ongoing trials. These include individuals who initiated treatment early after diagnosis (Fiebigs I-V of acute infection) and those who initiated treatment during the chronic phase of infection. In Aim 1, ddPCR- and viral sequencing-based approaches will be used to characterize the intactness and HIV transcriptional activity of reservoir cells, while novel single-cell methods will be used to interrogate the phenotypes of transcriptionally-active and inducible reservoir cells. This information will then be associated with the time it takes virus to rebound from these individuals. These same individuals will be extensively sampled over the course of treatment interruption in order to better understand the early events occurring at the time of rebound, which will be extensively characterized in Aim 2. Finally, Aim 3 will use similar techniques to characterize two additional cohorts of individuals undergoing ATI, but in the context of cure-based interventions aimed at achieving a functional cure through immune modulation. Overall, this study will establish an in-depth view of the viral and host cell features of rebound- competent reservoir cells, and will relate this knowledge to the time it takes for viral rebound during ART interruption, in the context of ongoing non-interventional and interventional cure-based clinical trials.