Resistance Training Modulation of Fat Metabolism in Obese Postmenopausal Women

项目摘要 糖尿病前期是肥胖的合并症，也是2型糖尿病的前兆， 60岁肥胖有多种原因;然而，已知肥胖的胰岛素抵抗个体具有胰岛素抵抗。 降低改变静息和刺激脂解（脂肪分解）的能力。这种对刺激缺乏灵活性的反应 调节脂解作用的基因几乎完全是通过对男性的研究， （儿茶酚胺介导的）脂解途径。我们发表的初步数据表明，急性耐药 运动增加非肥胖妇女的脂解作用。公布的数据还表明，阻力运动，如 耐力运动，增加男性脂肪分解的敏感性。然而，脂肪分解反应的改变，由于 与耐力相比，与能量消耗相匹配的阻力训练尚未被研究。是 也不知道在一般的体力活动（步行）中，训练是如何改变脂解的， 人们在一天中计划的锻炼之外所从事的活动。此外，缺乏事先 在这一领域的妇女调查指出，需要阻力训练研究的脂肪代谢的妇女 以确定阻力训练是否和耐力训练一样有效。因此，这一总体目标 一项研究是比较12周的抗阻训练和耐力训练对脂肪的影响 代谢，重点是绝经后肥胖和糖尿病前期妇女的脂解。我们的中央 假设12周的阻力训练和12周的耐力训练都会增加脂肪分解， 灵活性.我们将比较耐力训练的效果与卡路里匹配的耐力所带来的效果 运动训练。我们将使用强大的体内微透析和稳定同位素方法来确定 与卡路里匹配的耐力训练相比，12周的阻力训练：a）增加身体 活动（步行）刺激的全身和局部脂解（目的1）; B）增加局部肾上腺素能调节 皮下腹部和臀部脂肪组织中的脂解（目的2）;和c）增加胰岛素介导的 抑制肥胖和糖尿病前期绝经后妇女全身和局部脂肪分解（目标3）。 其次，脂肪组织中的脂肪氧化、脂肪生成和脂肪形成，以及骨骼肌中的脂解活性， 肌肉，也将进行研究，以发展一个全球性的了解脂肪代谢反应的阻力运动 训练此外，我们还将研究在有氧运动条件下，耐力和阻力训练对葡萄糖代谢的影响。 实验室以及自由生活条件，因为血糖控制不良与脂质代谢异常有关 通常与肥胖有关。这些研究将提供一个更好的了解如何这些行使 方法影响肥胖和前驱糖尿病女性的代谢，使从业者能够提供更多的证据- 基于运动处方，旨在改善身体成分，血糖控制和体重管理。

Project Summary Prediabetes, a comorbidity of obesity and a precursor of type 2 diabetes, affects more than one-half of women over 60 years of age. Obesity has multiple causes; however, it is known that obese insulin resistant individuals have a reduced ability to alter resting and stimulated lipolysis (fat breakdown). This lack of flexibility to respond to stimuli that regulate lipolysis has been attributed, almost entirely through studies in males, to changes in the predominant (catecholamine-mediated) lipolytic pathway. Our published preliminary data demonstrate that acute resistance exercise increases lipolysis in non-obese women. Published data also indicate that resistance exercise, like endurance exercise, increases lipolytic sensitivity in men. However, the alterations in lipolytic response due to resistance, as compared to endurance, training matched for energy expenditure have not been investigated. It is also unknown how training alters lipolysis during general physical activity (walking), which accounts for the majority of activity people engage in during a typical day outside of planned exercise. Furthermore, the lack of prior investigations in this area in women points to the need for resistance training studies of fat metabolism in women to determine if resistance training is as effective as endurance training. Therefore, the overall objective of this study is to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training to endurance training with respect to fat metabolism, with a focus on lipolysis in postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes. Our central hypothesis is that both 12 weeks of resistance training and 12 weeks of endurance training will increase lipolytic flexibility. We will compare the effects of endurance training to the effects imparted by calorie-matched endurance exercise training. We will determine with powerful in-vivo microdialysis and stable isotope methodologies the extent to which 12 weeks of resistance training, as compared to calorie-matched endurance training: a) increases physical activity (walking)-stimulated whole-body and regional lipolysis (Aim 1); b) increases local adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue (Aim 2); and c) increases insulin-mediated suppression of whole-body and regional lipolysis (Aim 3) in postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes. Secondarily, fat oxidation, lipogenesis and adipogenesis in adipose tissue, as well as lipolytic activity in skeletal muscle, will also be studied to develop a global understanding of fat metabolism response to resistance exercise training. In addition, we will investigate the influence of resistance and endurance training on glucose profile under laboratory as well as free-living conditions, as poor glucose control is linked to the aberrant lipid metabolism commonly associated with obesity. These studies will provide a greater understanding of how these exercise modalities affect metabolism in women with obesity and prediabetes, allowing practitioners to make more evidence- based exercise prescriptions intended to improve body composition, glycemic control, and weight management.