Anti-inflammatory signals and neurodegeneration

摘要 神经免疫信号调节神经元的功能和存活。我们有强有力的证据表明 异二聚体白细胞介素-13受体α 1/白细胞介素-4受体α（IL-13 R α1/IL-4 R α）复合物在 中脑多巴胺能（DA）神经元影响其活力。在脑中，IL-13 R α1/IL-4 R α在以下部位独特表达： 帕金森病（PD）中丢失的黑质神经元（SNc）。我们还展示 小胶质细胞和神经元在神经炎症过程中产生的白细胞介素13（IL-13）可以调节 多巴胺能细胞的活性，并增加其对氧化损伤的敏感性。到目前为止， 了解神经炎症如何导致PD中DA神经元的选择性丧失。建立了 IL-13 R α1信号的激活可以影响神经炎症过程中多巴胺能神经元的存活， 在本申请中，我们希望解决这个差距。具体地说，我们希望检验IL-13和 神经元IL-13 R α1通过刺激被称为铁凋亡的调节性细胞死亡途径而引起损伤。我们还要 为了确定IL-13和IL-13 R α1在多大程度上促进了α-SMA小鼠模型中的神经变性， 突触核蛋白病（α-Syn）是PD的标志性特征，与神经炎症和氧化损伤相关。 这将帮助我们确定靶向IL-13 R α1信号转导是否是一种可行的方法， 受α-突触核蛋白病如PD影响的人类神经变性。鲁索利替尼的能力，一个FDA- 批准的药物，抑制IL-13 R α1信号传导和新的铁凋亡抑制剂CMS 121，以减少IL-13 R α1信号传导。 13-还将测试体内介导的损伤。最后，我们提出了一种新的小鼠模型的体内实验， 为了检验在诊断为早发性PD的个体中发现的IL-13的罕见遗传变异体可以 导致具有该突变同源物的小鼠中多巴胺能神经元的更快损失。如果 这些实验的成功将为IL-13和IL-13 R α1是新的假说提供强有力的支持 预防PD或减缓其进展的靶点，至少在PD患者的子集中。

Abstract Neuroimmune signals regulate neuronal function and survival. We have strong evidence indicating that activation of the heterodimeric interleukin-13 receptor alpha 1/interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα) complex in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons affects their viability. In the brain, IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα is uniquely expressed on the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that are lost in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We also showed that interleukin 13 (IL-13), produced during neuroinflammation by microglia and neurons, can modulate the activity of dopaminergic cells and increase their susceptibility to oxidative damage. To date, there is a gap in understanding how neuroinflammation contributes to the selective loss of DA neurons in PD. Having established that activation of IL-13Rα1 signaling can affect the survival of dopaminergic neurons during neuroinflammation, in the present application we wish to address this gap. Specifically, we wish to test the hypothesis that IL-13 and neuronal IL-13Rα1 cause damage by stimulating a regulated cell death pathway called ferroptosis. We also wish to determine to what extent IL-13 and IL-13Rα1 contribute to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of alpha- synucleinopathy (α-Syn), a hallmark trait of PD that is associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. This will help us determine whether targeting IL-13Rα1 signaling might be a viable approach to slow neurodegeneration in humans affected by α-synucleinopathy such as PD. The ability of ruxolitinib, an FDA- approved drug that inhibits IL-13Rα1 signaling and that of the novel ferroptosis inhibitor CMS121, to reduce IL- 13-mediated damage in vivo will also be tested. Finally, we propose in vivo experiments un a novel mouse model to test the hypothesis that a rare genetic variant of IL-13 found in individuals diagnosed with early-onset PD can contribute to more rapid loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse with the homologue of this mutation. If successful, these experiments will provide strong support for the hypothesis that IL-13 and IL-13Rα1 are novel targets for preventing PD or slowing its progression, at least in a sub-set of PD patients.