The role of the microbiome in childhood disease

微生物组在儿童疾病中的作用

• 批准号: 10927997
• 负责人: Suchitra Hourigan
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10927997
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Adult; Animal Model; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Area; Bacteria; Bacteriophages; COVID-19; Cesarean section; Child; Childhood; Cholestasis; Clinical Research; Clostridium difficile; Development; Disease; Early identification; Eczema; Future; Goals; Health; Immune; Immune response; Impairment; Infection; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Life; Malignant Childhood Neoplasm; Metabolic; Neonatal; Obesity; Observational Study; Outcome; Phenotype; Physiological; Regulation; Role; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Shapes; Time; Vaginal delivery procedure; atopy; bariatric surgery; colonization resistance; early childhood; host microbiome; insight; microbial; microbiome; persistent symptom; skin microbiome; therapeutic target

From these observational studies we have made several scientific advances related to the involvement of the childhood microbiome over different disease states: 1) We identified that certain features of the skin microbiome in the first week of life can predict which children will go on to develop eczema in early childhood. 2) We identified for the first time that in very young children who carry SARS-CoV-2 that there is a depletion of anti-inflammatory bacterial taxa; we are now examining the long-term impacts on health of this finding. In addition we are examining how persistent changes in the microbiome after a SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent symptoms in older children. 3) We showed that in children delivered by caesarean section, compared to vaginal delivery, there were differences in gut bacteriophages over the first two years of life. We are now investigating the potential physiological impacts of this. 4) We showed that children delivered by caesarean section were more likely to be colonized by environmental bacteria compared to children delivered by vaginal delivery in the first week of like, likely due to impaired colonization resistance. 5) We identified profound microbiome changes after pediatric bariatric surgery in children with obesity. We are now investigating in animal models whether these microbiome changes are causal to any of the beneficial phenotypic outcomes seen after bariatric surgery.

通过这些观察性研究，我们在儿童微生物组对不同疾病状态的影响方面取得了几项科学进展： 1) 我们发现，生命第一周皮肤微生物组的某些​​特征可以预测哪些儿童将在幼儿期继续患湿疹。 2) 我们首次发现携带 SARS-CoV-2 的幼儿体内抗炎细菌类群有所减少；我们现在正在研究这一发现对健康的长期影响。此外，我们正在研究 SARS-CoV-2 感染后微生物组的持续变化如何导致年龄较大的儿童出现持续症状。 3）我们发现，与阴道分娩相比，剖腹产分娩的儿童在出生后头两年的肠道噬菌体存在差异。我们现在正在研究其潜在的生理影响。 4) 我们发现，在第一周内，与阴道分娩的孩子相比，剖腹产分娩的孩子更容易被环境细菌定植，这可能是由于定植抵抗力受损。 5) 我们发现肥胖儿童在小儿减肥手术后微生物组发生了深刻的变化。我们现在正在动物模型中研究这些微生物组的变化是否与减肥手术后出现的任何有益表型结果有关。