Optimization of behavioral and biobehavioral interventions: Building investigator capacity nationwide

行为和生物行为干预的优化：在全国范围内建设研究者能力

• 批准号: 10626134
• 负责人: LINDA M COLLINS
• 金额: $ 21.01万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-05 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10626134
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol dependence; Area; Behavioral; Cocaine Dependence; Consultations; Control Groups; Data Analyses; Development; Doctor of Philosophy; Educational Curriculum; Educational workshop; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Engineering; Evaluation; Exercise; Fostering; Foundations; Funding; HIV; Health; Individual; Industrialization; Intervention; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Methodology; Nicotine Dependence; Outcome; Participant; Persons; Phase; Piper; Play; Prevention; Public Health; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schools; Scientist; Series; Substance abuse problem; Trainers Training; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; apprenticeship; biobehavior; cancer prevention; comparison group; comparison intervention; course development; drug abuse prevention; effectiveness evaluation; follow-up; implementation cost; improved; innovation; instructor; multiphase optimization strategy; prevent; skills; smoking cessation; uptake; willingness to pay

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Multicomponent behavioral and biobehavioral interventions, such as interventions aimed at preventing and treating substance abuse, HIV, and nicotine dependence, play a central role in public health. To date development and evaluation of interventions has relied primarily on the classical treatment package approach, in which a set of intervention components is identified a priori, assembled into a treatment package, and evaluated for effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Although the RCT is an excellent way to compare an intervention as a package to a suitable control or comparison group, use of the RCT alone does not enable addressing research questions that are critical for improving intervention effectiveness, efficiency, economy, and scalability. Recently an innovative alternative has emerged, called the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). MOST is a broad methodological framework inspired by ideas that are fundamental and well-established in fields such as industrial engineering. MOST includes evaluation of an intervention in an RCT, but it adds an additional prior phase of research aimed at optimization of the intervention. To date, at least 30 projects using MOST have been funded by 10 NIH ICs, 6 of which participate in this RFA. There is considerable demand for training among both new and established intervention scientists who wish to develop intellectual grounding and a skill set in MOST. The purpose of the proposed work is to build investigator capacity in intervention optimization nationwide by developing a wide-reaching and sustainable training effort focused on MOST. Specific Aim 1 is to develop an online short course that provides a comprehensive introduction to MOST via videos and supporting materials, and make it freely available. Specific Aim 2 is to provide opportunities for intervention scientists who have completed the short course to gain additional conceptual and practical expertise needed to obtain NIH funding and apply MOST successfully in their research. These opportunities will be (a) three 2-day in-person trainings at various locations around the US, consisting of small group exercises, open discussion, a self-guided data analysis practicum, and individual consultation, and (b) follow-up individual consultation sessions. Specific Aim 3 is to foster a self-sustaining effort to build investigator capacity in MOST by providing (a) opportunities for 6 apprentice instructors to participate in the 2-day in-person trainings, (b) curriculum materials for a graduate course, and (c) individual consultation on course development. Specific Aim 4 is to develop a series of videos with supporting materials covering advanced, specialized, and emerging topics in intervention optimization and make them freely available online. The proposed work will increase the number of scientists proficient in and funded for optimization of behavioral and biobehavioral interventions. The work of these scientists will, in turn, produce more effective, efficient, economical, and scalable interventions, and thereby improve the nation’s health in substance abuse, HIV, cancer, and countless other important areas of public health.

项目概要/摘要 多成分行为和生物行为干预措施，例如旨在预防和 治疗药物滥用、艾滋病毒和尼古丁依赖，在公共卫生中发挥着核心作用。迄今为止 干预措施的制定和评估主要依赖于经典的治疗方案， 其中预先确定了一组干预组件，并将其组装成治疗包，并且 在随机对照试验（RCT）中评估其有效性。虽然 RCT 是一个很好的方法 将干预措施作为一揽子方案与合适的对照组或比较组进行比较，单独使用随机对照试验确实可以 无法解决对于提高干预效果、效率至关重要的研究问题， 经济性和可扩展性。最近出现了一种创新的替代方案，称为多相优化 策略（大多数）。 MOST 是一个广泛的方法论框架，其灵感来自工业工程等领域的基本且成熟的思想。 MOST 包括对 RCT 中干预措施的评估， 但它增加了一个额外的前期研究阶段，旨在优化干预措施。迄今为止，至少有 30 使用 MOST 的项目已由 10 个 NIH IC 资助，其中 6 个参与了本次 RFA。有 对于希望发展的新的和成熟的干预科学家来说，培训需求很大 MOST 的智力基础和技能。拟议工作的目的是建立调查员 通过开展广泛且可持续的培训工作，在全国范围内优化干预措施的能力 专注于大多数。具体目标 1 是开发一个在线短期课程，提供全面的 通过视频和支持材料介绍 MOST，并免费提供。具体目标 2 是 为完成短期课程的干预科学家提供获得额外知识的机会 获得 NIH 资助并在其领域成功应用 MOST 所需的概念和实践专业知识 研究。这些机会将是 (a) 在美国各地进行三场为期 2 天的现场培训， 包括小组练习、公开讨论、自助数据分析实践和个人练习 咨询，以及 (b) 后续的个人咨询会议。具体目标 3 是建立一个自我维持的 通过为 6 名学徒讲师提供 (a) 机会，努力建设 MOST 的调查员能力 参加为期 2 天的现场培训，(b) 研究生课程的课程材料，以及 (c) 个人 课程开发咨询。具体目标 4 是开发一系列带有支持材料的视频 涵盖干预优化中的高级、专业和新兴主题，并使其自由 可以在线获取。拟议的工作将增加精通该领域并获得资助的科学家数量 行为和生物行为干预的优化。这些科学家的工作反过来将产生 更有效、高效、经济和可扩展的干预措施，从而改善国民健康 药物滥用、艾滋病毒、癌症以及无数其他重要的公共卫生领域。