Empowering Diversity in X-ray Imaging: Training, Graduate Research, and Advancements in Detector Development

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ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. According to the American Heart Association, for early treatment of CVD and to verify if a patient should be prescribed statin therapy, calcium scoring via cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) should be performed. However, there is a limited application of calcium scoring due to limited spatial resolution of CT (~1 mm), dose concern, and out of pocket expense for patients. To address the challenges with CT calcium scoring, a new technology based on dual-layer flat panel detector is being developed under our R01 “A dual-layer flat panel X-ray detector based on an engineered amorphous chalcogenide alloy for quantifying coronary artery calcium” to provide opportunistic calcium score whenever X-ray is done. This technology aims to provide an opportunistic approach to X-ray imaging with a detector that improves detection and quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC). It is based on a patent pending selenium alloy with favorable optical and electrical properties that enhance image quality. Whenever X- ray is done for any reason calcium score automatically is generated with no additional cost burden to the healthcare system. To advance the proposed technology from a functioning prototype to readiness level required for licensing to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), there are areas related to uniformity and variation across detector and yield that should be evaluated and assessed. In this diversity supplement, we will bring on a Ph.D. candidate making the transition from high energy physics to medical imaging, utilizing his expertise in detector simulation and readout systems to enable additional capability to the readout circuitry of the dual-layer detector proposed in aim 1 of the parent grant. The candidate will develop modifications to the detector architecture and flat panel readout technology for the top layer of the dual-layer detector, allowing the application of higher electric fields to achieve improved conversion efficiencies. The supplement will provide the funding required to support the student in this area, giving him mentoring and experience in the medical imaging field, while advancing the goals of the parent project to develop a dual-layer for CAC detection.