EMISSION FACTOR DEVELOPMENT FOR WORKPLACE SOURCES

工作场所源的排放因子开发

• 批准号: 3420903
• 负责人: RICHARD A WADDEN
• 金额: $ 7.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-12-01 至 1993-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3420903
• 关键词: air pollution; air sampling /monitoring; electrochemistry; environmental air flow; environmental air flow measurement; environmental contamination; environmental engineering; environmental health; heavy metals; industry; mathematical model; model design /development; nonwater solvent; occupational hazard; occupational health /safety

The conceptual thrust of this proposal is to develop a method for generalizing the design of engineering control of workplace hazards. In particular we propose to develop emission factors, based on field observations, for four types of commonly encountered, hazardous, open tank processes: degreasing (both vapor and cold cleaning processes) ; electroplating (chrome and nickel plating); offset printing; and wave soldering. The value of the emission factor approach is that the effect of the particular interior space in which the data are collected is removed. The factors will be developed from the area concentration pattern surrounding each device while production is taking place, using mathematical models describing a mass balance on the contaminant to transform this pattern for a particular source to an emission rate. To systematically describe the variability of emissions, the factors will be related to source activity, process conditions and equipment geometry. A total of 12 source tests will be carried out consisting of 12 1-hour sampling periods which will also include measurements of general and local exhaust ventilation. The results of this study will provide: A compilation of activity-based emission factors for Cr and Ni electroplating, vapor degreasing and cold cleaning, wave soldering, and offset printing; A measure of the variability in emissions which can be expected from such processes; Actual determinations, based on an emission mass balance, of control device performance for each of the processes studied; A generalized basis for estimating workplace concentrations from these types of sources; And a mass-balance basis for evaluating control design alternatives.

该提案的概念主旨是开发一种方法 概括工作场所危害的工程控制设计。在 特别是我们建议根据现场制定排放因子 观察，针对四种常见的、危险的、开放式储罐 工艺：脱脂（蒸汽和冷清洗工艺）； 电镀（镀铬、镀镍）；胶印;和挥手 焊接。 排放因子方法的价值在于 收集数据的特定内部空间被移除。这 因素将从周围的区域集中模式中发展出来 生产过程中的每台设备均使用数学模型 描述污染物的质量平衡以改变这种模式 特定来源的排放率。为了系统地描述 排放量的可变性，这些因素将与源活动有关， 工艺条件和设备几何形状。总共 12 个源测试 由 12 个 1 小时采样周期组成，这也将 包括一般和局部排气通风的测量。 本研究的结果将提供： 基于活动的汇编 Cr 和 Ni 电镀、蒸汽脱脂和冷处理的排放因子 清洁、波峰焊和胶印；变异性的衡量 此类过程的预期排放量；实际的 基于排放质量平衡的控制装置的确定 每个研究过程的性能；通用基础 从这些类型的来源估算工作场所的浓度；还有一个 用于评估控制设计替代方案的质量平衡基础。