THE EFFECT OF NONNORMATIVE PARENTING ON THE NORMATIVE TRANSITIONS OF AGING

这项研究将继续我们对非规范性育儿经验的纵向调查来检验 在向退休的过渡期间和在早期，它们如何影响人生轨迹和幸福感 年事已高。它建立在以前奖项(R03 AG15549、R01AG20558和 P01 AG21079)，它们使用威斯康星州纵向研究(WLS)来调查远程 不规范的育儿方式对中年的影响。有一个孩子有发育不良的父母 残疾(DD)、严重精神疾病(SMI)或经历过儿童死亡的人与 未受影响的父母对父母的生命历程成就和幸福的尊重。示例成员 从18岁开始被跟踪，直到他们成为父母，直到成年。最新的 平均而言，跟踪调查发生在父母65岁左右。使用新的筛查程序，我们 确定了1513名有过不规范经历的父母。拟议的调查将延长 关注涉及非残疾人的人生历程成就和共同照顾的代际影响 患有DD和SMI的个体的兄弟姐妹。本研究整合了生命历程视角 用模型的过程和变化从压力和应对框架来理解人的终生模式 与非规范育儿相关的适应，现在扩展到在过渡到 退休和老年的早年。WLS提供了一个前所未有的机会来研究 在为人父母之前招募的样本的非规范育儿的影响，因此是独一无二的 能够解决自我选择的偏见，这些偏见损害了之前的研究。此外，有特色的 WLS的同级数据结构允许我们构建同级控件设计，其中具有 经历过不规范的育儿事件的人将与没有经历过的兄弟姐妹进行比较，从而 控制潜在的混杂家庭背景变量。为人父母之前的结合 数据点和使用同级控件设计的可能性提供了推进我们的 理解非规范性养育对退休和退休的规范性转变的独特影响 老年的早年。

The research will continue our longitudinal investigation of nonnormative parenting experiences to examine how they influence life course trajectories and well-being during the transition into retirement and in the early years of old age. It builds on the progress of previous awards (R03 AG15549, R01AG20558, and Project 3 of P01 AG21079), which have used the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) to investigate the long-range effects of nonnormative parenting through midlife. Parents who have either a child with developmental disability (DD), severe mental illness (SMI), or who have experienced the death of a child are compared with unaffected parents with respect to the parents' life course attainment and well-being. The sample members have been followed from the age of 18, before they became parents, throughout adulthood. The latest follow-up occurred when parents were in their mid 60s, on average. Using new screening procedures, we identified 1513 parents who have had nonnormative experiences. The proposed investigation will extend the focus to intergenerational influences involving life course attainment and shared caregiving by non-disabled brothers and sisters of the individuals with DD and SMI. This research integrates the life course perspective with models of process and change from the stress and coping framework to understand life-long patterns of adaptation associated with nonnormative parenting, now extended to adaptations during the transition to retirement and the early years of old age. The WLS provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of nonnormative parenting for a sample that was recruited before parenthood, and is thus uniquely able to address self-selection biases that have compromised previous research. Furthermore, the distinctive sibling data structure of the WLS allows us to construct a sibling control design in which those who have experienced a nonnormative parenting event will be compared with their siblings who have not, thereby controlling for potentially confounding family background variables. The combination of a pre-parenthood data point and the possibility of using a sibling control design offers the opportunity to advance our understanding of the unique effects of nonnormative parenting on the normative transitions of retirement and the early years of old age.