THE EFFECT OF NONNORMATIVE PARENTING ON THE NORMATIVE TRANSITIONS OF AGING

本研究将继续对非规范性父母教养经验的纵向调查， 他们如何影响生活轨迹和福祉在过渡到退休和早期 年的老年。它建立在以前的奖项（R03 AG15549，R01AG20558和项目3）的进展基础上。 P01 AG 21079），其使用威斯康星州纵向研究（WLS）来研究长期的 非规范性养育对中年的影响父母有一个孩子， 残疾（DD）、严重精神疾病（SMI）或经历过儿童死亡的人与 在父母的生命历程成就和福祉方面，不受影响的父母。样本成员 从18岁开始，在他们成为父母之前，一直到他们成年。最新 随访发生在父母平均60多岁的时候。使用新的筛选程序，我们 确定了1513名有非规范性经历的父母。拟议的调查将延长 注重代际影响，包括非残疾人的生命历程成就和共同成长 DD和SMI患者的兄弟姐妹篇。本研究整合生命历程观点， 从压力和应对框架的过程和变化模型，以了解 与非规范性养育有关的适应，现在扩展到过渡时期的适应， 退休和老年早期。WLS提供了一个前所未有的机会来研究 非规范性养育的影响，在父母之前招募的样本，因此是唯一的 能够解决自我选择的偏见，已经损害了以前的研究。此外，独特的 WLS的兄弟数据结构允许我们构建一个兄弟控制设计，其中那些具有 将经历过非规范性养育事件的儿童与没有经历过的兄弟姐妹进行比较， 控制可能混淆的家庭背景变量。在未为人父母之前 数据点和使用同胞对照设计的可能性提供了机会，以推进我们的 了解非规范性养育对退休规范性过渡的独特影响， 老年的早期。

The research will continue our longitudinal investigation of nonnormative parenting experiences to examine how they influence life course trajectories and well-being during the transition into retirement and in the early years of old age. It builds on the progress of previous awards (R03 AG15549, R01AG20558, and Project 3 of P01 AG21079), which have used the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) to investigate the long-range effects of nonnormative parenting through midlife. Parents who have either a child with developmental disability (DD), severe mental illness (SMI), or who have experienced the death of a child are compared with unaffected parents with respect to the parents' life course attainment and well-being. The sample members have been followed from the age of 18, before they became parents, throughout adulthood. The latest follow-up occurred when parents were in their mid 60s, on average. Using new screening procedures, we identified 1513 parents who have had nonnormative experiences. The proposed investigation will extend the focus to intergenerational influences involving life course attainment and shared caregiving by non-disabled brothers and sisters of the individuals with DD and SMI. This research integrates the life course perspective with models of process and change from the stress and coping framework to understand life-long patterns of adaptation associated with nonnormative parenting, now extended to adaptations during the transition to retirement and the early years of old age. The WLS provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of nonnormative parenting for a sample that was recruited before parenthood, and is thus uniquely able to address self-selection biases that have compromised previous research. Furthermore, the distinctive sibling data structure of the WLS allows us to construct a sibling control design in which those who have experienced a nonnormative parenting event will be compared with their siblings who have not, thereby controlling for potentially confounding family background variables. The combination of a pre-parenthood data point and the possibility of using a sibling control design offers the opportunity to advance our understanding of the unique effects of nonnormative parenting on the normative transitions of retirement and the early years of old age.