VISUAL MOTOR TRANSFORMATION IN CORTEX

皮层中的视觉运动转换

• 批准号: 7882800
• 负责人: Lawrence H Snyder
• 金额: $ 21.59万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7882800
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Affect; Amputation; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animal Testing; Animals; Anterior; Area; Attention; Behavior; Binding; Biological Models; Body part; Brain; Clinical; Code; Contralateral; Culicidae; Data; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Evaluation; Eye; Eye Movements; Foundations; Future; Generations; Goals; Grant; Hand; Human; Image; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Intervention; Ipsilateral; Learning; Leg; Lesion; Life; Limb structure; Lip structure; Localized Lesion; Location; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Movement; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Play; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Prosthesis; Reaction Time; Relative (related person); Rewards; Role; Running; Saccades; Sensory; Site; Speed; Spinal cord injury; Staging; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Upper arm; Visual; Visual attention; Visuospatial; Work; base; design; information processing; intraparietal sulcus; kinematics; limb movement; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; public health relevance; research study; response; sensory integration; stroke recovery; visual motor; visual search

Description (provided by applicant): Reaching towards a visual target is ubiquitous in daily life. The task seems effortless, yet requires substantial processing to accomplish. Our goal is to better understand the visuospatial information processing underlying action. For this purpose, we use visually-guided reaching in the non-human primate as a model system. Our first aim is to determine the specific contributions of posterior parietal areas to the kinematics and dynamics of visually-guided reaching. We will use a novel method to precisely localize the sites of reversible injections placed throughout the intraparietal sulcus. After each injection we will test animals on a panel of tasks (reaches, saccades and visual search) and then image the site of inactivation. This method is comprehensive and better indicates the true functional contributions of parietal areas than can be achieved through single unit recording. Our second aim is to identify and quantify components of activity in posterior parietal cortex that are related to bimanual coordination. Primates commonly use the two arms together to accomplish tasks that are difficult or impossible to perform with a one arm. Clinical evidence suggests a role of the parietal cortex in bimanual coordination. Our results will help distinguish between two specific models of how bimanual coordination might be manifest at the level of individual neurons. Our third aim is to quantify the activity of posterior parietal neurons during evaluation of targets and decision-making in performing reaches, and to compare that activity to that observed during decision-making for saccadic eye movements. Recent work has suggested a specific model for decision-making for saccadic eye movements. Our results will indicate whether parietal circuits for target evaluation and decision circuits are the same or different for different kinds of action (reaches versus saccades). Achieving these aims will help us understand the early processes involved in sensory to motor transformation, motor coordination, and decision-making. The results will critically inform the devise of rational strategies for aiding recovery from strokes and other central damage, as well as the design of optimal brain interfaces for a new generation of prosthetic devices. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The central goal of this proposal is to understand the early processing of visuospatial information for visually- guided reaching. Achieving this goal will help clinicians to understand and ultimately reverse the damage caused by parietal and occipital strokes and other brain trauma. Understanding how the brain generates and represents plans for movement is also critical to the development of promising neuroprosthetics for patients with amputations, spinal cord injuries, and disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

描述（由申请人提供）：在日常生活中，向视觉目标伸手是普遍存在的。这项任务似乎毫不费力，但需要大量的处理才能完成。我们的目标是更好地了解视觉空间信息处理的基础行动。为了这个目的，我们使用视觉引导达到非人类灵长类动物作为模型系统。我们的第一个目标是确定具体的贡献后顶叶地区的运动学和动力学的视觉引导达到。我们将使用一种新的方法来精确定位整个顶内沟可逆注射的部位。每次注射后，我们将测试动物的一组任务（达到，扫视和视觉搜索），然后成像的失活部位。这种方法是全面的，更好地表明真正的功能贡献的顶叶地区比可以实现通过单一的单位记录。我们的第二个目标是确定和量化的活动组件在后顶叶皮层，双手协调有关。灵长类动物通常使用两个手臂一起完成的任务是困难的或不可能执行的一只手臂。临床证据表明，顶叶皮层在双手协调的作用。我们的研究结果将有助于区分双手协调如何在单个神经元水平上表现的两种特定模型。我们的第三个目标是量化在目标评估和执行伸展决策过程中后顶叶神经元的活动，并将该活动与在扫视眼球运动决策过程中观察到的活动进行比较。最近的工作提出了一个特定的模型，决策扫视眼球运动。我们的研究结果将表明是否顶叶电路的目标评估和决策电路是相同的或不同的不同的行动（达到与扫视）。实现这些目标将有助于我们理解感觉到运动转换、运动协调和决策的早期过程。研究结果将为设计合理的策略提供重要信息，以帮助中风和其他中枢损伤的恢复，以及为新一代假肢设备设计最佳的大脑接口。公共卫生相关性本提案的中心目标是了解视觉引导到达的视觉空间信息的早期处理。实现这一目标将有助于临床医生了解并最终逆转顶叶和枕叶中风和其他脑外伤造成的损害。了解大脑如何产生和表达运动计划，对于截肢、脊髓损伤和肌萎缩侧索硬化症等疾病患者的神经修复术的发展也至关重要。