Brain and behavioral correlates of fitness, cerebrovascular health and aging

大脑和行为与健康、脑血管健康和衰老的相关性

• 批准号: 7826424
• 负责人: Monica Fabiani
• 金额: $ 38.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7826424
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Aerobic; Affect; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; American College of Physicians; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebrovascular system; Cognition; Cognitive aging; Complex; Dementia; Early Diagnosis; Economics; Elderly; Elements; Employment; Funding; Future; Guidelines; Health; Health Status; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Marketing; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Multimodal Imaging; Nature; Occupations; Performance; Perfusion; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Specialist; Stress; Training; Up-Regulation; Vascular System; Work; age effect; age group; age related; base; brain tissue; cerebrovascular; cognitive change; cognitive function; design; executive function; fitness; improved; long term memory; mild neurocognitive impairment; neuromechanism; neurotrophic factor; normal aging; processing speed; public health relevance; spectroscopic imaging

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area (01) Behavior, Behavioral Change, and Prevention and specific Challenge Topic, 01-AG-102: Neural mechanisms of behavioral change. Cognitive decline in normal aging is a very important societal problem, which impacts millions of people worldwide. Specifically, normal aging is accompanied by declines in working memory and executive function/attention control, as well as in long term memory and speed of processing. Thus, increasing knowledge about the possible predictors of age- related cognitive impairments and their interactions can yield substantial societal and economic benefits, by providing means of early detection and thus improving the chances of successful prevention and/or treatment. Recent studies have emphasized that physical activity and fitness may help stave off some of the effect of aging on cognition, and specifically those related to working memory and executive function, although the exact mechanisms through which these gains are obtained are not yet completely understood. In this work we will conduct a detailed investigation of the possible mediating role that the health status of the cerebrovascular system may have on the beneficial effects of physical fitness on brain anatomy and function and cognitive performance. Our approach is based on the assumption that all the phenomena under study (physical fitness/activity, cerebrovascular health, brain anatomy and function, and cognitive function) are in fact complex and multifaceted and best studied using a multivariate approach. Therefore, for each of them, we take multiple measures at multiple levels. We will investigate naturally-occurring variability in a sample of normally-aging adults comprising four age groups (50-60, 60-70, 70-80, and 80-90 years old), which will be measured twice at 12 months distance (thus affording both cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal analyses). A multimodal imaging approach based on a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, diffusive near-infrared spectroscopic imaging, and electrophysiological methods will be used to provide maps of both cerebrovascular status and brain anatomy and function. Societal Impact. Cognitive decline in aging affects millions of people worldwide. Its early detection may lead to prevention and improvement in intervention practices, thus providing incalculable benefits to society both in economic and humanitarian terms. Physical activity regimes have shown to be beneficial to cognitive aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these benefits are accrued is of enormous practical significance. In addition, following the guidelines of ARRA 2009 for these Challenge proposals, we underscore the fact that this proposal, if funded, will generate one new position (graduate research assistant) and allow for the retention of two additional positions (senior research scientist and research specialist) who may otherwise lose employment. It is further expected that, through this funding, these investigators will receive valuable training in the biomedical sciences, which will make them more competitive on job market in the future. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cognitive decline in aging affects millions of people worldwide. Its early detection may lead to prevention and improvement in intervention practices, thus providing incalculable benefits to society both in economic and humanitarian terms. Physical activity regimes have shown to be beneficial to cognitive aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these benefits are accrued is of enormous practical significance. In addition, following the guidelines of ARRA 2009 for these Challenge proposals, we underscore the fact that this proposal, if funded, will generate one new position (graduate research assistant) and allow for the retention of two additional positions (senior research scientist and research specialist) who may otherwise lose employment. It is further expected that, through this funding, these investigators will receive valuable training in the biomedical sciences, which will make them more competitive on job market in the future.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域（01）行为、行为变化和预防以及特定的挑战主题01-AG-102：行为变化的神经机制。正常衰老中的认知能力下降是一个非常重要的社会问题，影响着全世界数百万人。具体来说，正常的衰老伴随着工作记忆和执行功能/注意力控制的下降，以及长期记忆和处理速度的下降。因此，增加对年龄相关认知障碍的可能预测因素及其相互作用的了解，可以通过提供早期检测手段，从而提高成功预防和/或治疗的机会，产生巨大的社会和经济效益。最近的研究强调，身体活动和健身可能有助于避免衰老对认知的一些影响，特别是那些与工作记忆和执行功能相关的影响，尽管这些增益的确切机制尚未完全理解。在这项工作中，我们将进行一个详细的调查可能的中介作用，脑血管系统的健康状况可能对身体健康的有益影响，对大脑的解剖和功能和认知能力。我们的方法是基于这样的假设，即所有正在研究的现象（身体健康/活动，脑血管健康，大脑解剖和功能，以及认知功能）实际上是复杂和多方面的，最好使用多变量方法进行研究。因此，对于每一个，我们在多个层面采取多项措施。我们将调查正常老化成人样本中自然发生的变异性，包括四个年龄组（50-60岁，60-70岁，70-80岁和80-90岁），将在12个月的时间间隔内测量两次（从而提供横截面和短期纵向分析）。基于磁共振成像、扩散近红外光谱成像和电生理学方法组合的多模式成像方法将用于提供脑血管状态和脑解剖结构和功能的地图。社会影响。老龄化的认知能力下降影响着全世界数百万人。及早发现艾滋病毒/艾滋病可能导致预防和改善干预做法，从而在经济和人道主义方面为社会带来无法估量的好处。身体活动制度已被证明是有益的认知老化。因此，更好地了解这些利益的积累机制具有巨大的实际意义。此外，根据ARRA 2009年对这些挑战提案的指导方针，我们强调，如果获得资助，该提案将产生一个新职位（研究生研究助理），并允许保留两个额外的职位（高级研究科学家和研究专家），否则他们可能会失去就业机会。预计通过这笔资金，这些研究人员将获得生物医学科学方面的宝贵培训，这将使他们在未来的就业市场上更具竞争力。 公共卫生相关性：老龄化的认知能力下降影响着全球数百万人。及早发现艾滋病毒/艾滋病可能导致预防和改善干预做法，从而在经济和人道主义方面为社会带来无法估量的好处。身体活动制度已被证明是有益的认知老化。因此，更好地了解这些利益的积累机制具有巨大的实际意义。此外，根据ARRA 2009年对这些挑战提案的指导方针，我们强调，如果获得资助，该提案将产生一个新职位（研究生研究助理），并允许保留两个额外的职位（高级研究科学家和研究专家），否则他们可能会失去就业机会。预计通过这笔资金，这些研究人员将获得生物医学科学方面的宝贵培训，这将使他们在未来的就业市场上更具竞争力。